Civil Rights Movement Archive (CRMA)

Civil Rights Movement Archive

History, stories, materials, and images by Freedom Movement veterans.

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About the Civil Rights Movement Archive (CRMA)

The Civil Rights Movement Archive (CRMA) is a 501c3 nonprofit corporation based in California. We are a free, non-commercial, web-based archive created by civil rights workers active in CORE, NAACP, SCLC, SNCC and similar Southern Freedom Movement organizations during the 1950s and 1960s. We are part of the national African American Civil Rights Network. The CRMA has a Memorandum of Understanding with Duke University Libraries that they will assume stewardship over the archive to preserve and sustain it when the current managers are no longer able to carry the work forward.

This website has been (and is still being) created by veterans of the Southern Freedom Movement (1950-1970). It’s an online archive to preserve and make available original-materials, histories, narratives, remembrances, and commentaries related to that movement. It is where we tell it like it was, the way we lived it, the way we saw it, the way we still see it.

About Us	Resources	Related Pages
Purpose Using the Site CRMA History Sister Sites CRMA Board Contact Us	For Teachers Speakers Video & Audio Bibliographies Web Links Article Reprints	Archive of CRMA Monthly Newsletters CRMA Annual Reports Bay Area Veterans of the Movement Submissions Policy Privacy & Copyrights Terminology & Acronyms

Purpose

Our purpose is to make available to researchers, students, and the general public the history of our movement from the perspective of those whose boots were on the ground — what we refer to as “up-from-below,” “inside-out,” and “lives-lived” history. In addition to narrative and analytic history, we provide an extensive (and still growing) online archive of original Civil Rights Movement documents, letters, posters, images, and other materials. We also make available personal stories, narratives and interviews, discussions and commentaries, a poetry section, and a Movement-related bibliography and list of web links.

All of the substantive materials in our archive were (and are) written or created by people who themselves actively participated in the Civil Rights Movement.

We charge no fees or payments to read or view our materials. We do not require any form of log-in or subscription. Nor do we accept or display commercial advertising.

For many years, the name of this site was “Civil Rights Movement Veterans.” The name was changed in 2019 to “Civil Rights Movement Archive” to reflect its growing importance as a repository of up from below, inside-out, and lives-lived history as seen and interpreted by the participants whose boots were on the ground.

In building the CRMVet website, we adhere to these guiding principles:

We ain’t neutral. We make no pretense of academic “neutrality.” We were freedom fighters and freedom riders — and most of us remain so. This is our website where we speak for ourselves in our own voices.
Therefore, all substantive material regarding the Freedom Movement on the CRMVet site is from or by Movement activists as opposed to reporters, book authors, or other observers. This is not to disrespect them, but they have available to them many outlets and public venues for their work. We want this, our website, to reflect our point of view.
Wide range of political views. The Freedom Movement was broad-based and multi-faceted, encompassing a wide range of beliefs, analyses, strategies, and tactics, all of which evolved and changed over time. Therefore, within our broad Freedom Movement advocacy we do not censor, or politically-privilege material from some Movement activists over others. The CRMVet website, as a website, does not attempt to sum-up or offer formal conclusions about the Movement. Instead, individual Movement activists who contribute signed pieces to the site do that from their own points of view. Neither do we pick and choose on a political basis which documents or other original materials to post. Our policy is to post all legible materials that we can acquire. In a sense then, we see CRMVet as an archive rather than an exhibit expressing a specific point of view.
Southern. Our website is primarily devoted to the “Southern Freedom Movement,” the Freedom Movement as it existed in the South between 1950 and 1970. Not because the Northern wing of the Movement was unimportant — it was enormously important — but because the Southern Movement was the part of the Movement that we participated in and know enough about to build this website. We’ve always hoped that activists from the Northern wing of the Movement would build a sister site.
Noncommercial. Since so many students use our site, as a general rule we avoid linking to other websites that are password-restricted, charge fees or subscriptions, require registration or submission of an email address, or are cluttered with commercial advertisements.

The textbooks and documentaries tell us that the Civil Rights Movement “began” in 1954 with the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v Board of Education, and “ended” with the call for Black Power in 1966 or with the assassination of Dr. King in 1968. But for us, our Freedom Movement grew out of all that came before and it has never ended, but rather, like a living organism, it has evolved and flowered into struggles of many kinds that continue to this day. In our view, for example, both the Black Lives Matter and the Fight for $15 movements in 2016 are direct descendants (grandchildren, if you will) of the Freedom Movement of the 1950s and ’60s.

For the purpose of this website, we have arbitrarily chosen 1950 as the start date of our phase of the long struggle for freedom, justice and equality because that year saw the beginnings of the cases that later became Brown and in particular a 16 year old high-school girl named Barbara Johns leading her Virginia classmates out on a student strike to protest segregated schools. We have arbitrarily concluded our coverage of the Southern Freedom Movement at the at 1970 to mark a cross-over year in which the struggle evolved into new phases.

The mass media calls it the “Civil Rights Movement,” but many of us prefer the term “Freedom Movement” because it was about so much more than just a few narrowly-defined civil rights. The essence of the Freedom Movement was first to defy, and then to overthrow, a century of systemic racial oppression and exploitation across all aspects of society. At heart, the Freedom Movement was a demand for social and political equality, an end to economic injustice, and a fair share of political power for Blacks and other non-whites.

Though the Freedom Movement failed to achieve all of these goals, it did decisively and permanently end the “Jim Crow” system of legally-enforced social inequality through segregation. It also brought to an close the century-long era of widespread, socially-sanctioned and judicially-tolerated lynching and violence against people of color to “keep them in their place.” And by winning voting rights for all non-whites it obliterated the main legal mechanism used to restrict American racial minorities to a form of second-class citizenship. See The Civil Rights Movement Did Not Fail for a more thorough examination of our movement’s successes and failures.

Today, from what you are taught in school, you would think that the Freedom Movement only existed in a few states of the deep South, — but that is not so. The Freedom Movement lived and fought in every state and every city of America, North, South, East, and West. There were some differences between the Southern and Northern wings of the Movement, but those differences were minor compared to the Movement’s essence. North or South, it was the same movement everywhere.

For us, the heart and soul of our website is emphasizing the central role played by ordinary people transforming their lives through extraordinary courage. The Civil Rights Movement was above all a mass peoples’ movement — people coming together to change their lives for themselves. But all too often that central fact has been quietly dropped out of history in favor of a “benevolent” court ruling, a few charismatic leaders, a handful of famous protests in a few well-known places, some tragic martyrs, and the gracious largess of magnanimous legislators.

Our purpose is to make sure that ere is a place where the Movement story is told by those who actually lived it. Where we set the record straight, that without the courage, determination, and activity of hundreds of thousands of men and women of all ages in cities, towns, and hamlets across the South (and the nation) there would have been no Civil Rights Movement, no famous leaders, no court rulings, no new laws, and no change.

In addition to documenting the Southern Freedom Movement by telling it like it was and testifying to what we did and what it meant to us, this website is also a place to begin renewing the ties that once bound us together in a beloved community, a place for finding lost friends, and a tool for helping fellow Movement veterans in need. And it is a living memorial for our fallen comrades.

Using the Site

This website is about the Civil Rights Movement of 1951-1970 which we also call the “Freedom Movement” — a period of protests and political struggles throughout America to win freedom from race-based discrimination, oppression, and exploitation, to end racial segregation, and to win voting rights for all regardless of race. Almost everything on this site was written by a veteran of that Freedom Movement. This is where we who were there tell it like it was in our own words.

Search allows you to search the site for specific materials. You can search by keywords, personal names, events, locations, and so on.

Information about the Freedom Movement

Photo Album. Collection of photos from the Southern Freedom Movement.
Videos. Collection of videos from and about the Southern Freedom Movement.
Documents. Original source documents and publications from the Movement.
Letters & Reports From the Field. Original letters, reports, memos and diaries from freedom workers in the field.
Our Words. Articles, speeches, and background information about aspects of the Movement and its major events written or spoken by participants at the time.
History & Timeline. Articles written by Bruce Hartford chronologically listing and describing Southern Freedom Movement events from 1951-1970.
Our Stories. Personal stories, narratives, interviews, and memories of individual freedom fighters about their Freedom Movement experiences.
Discussions. Transcripts of group discussions and panel presentations by Civil Rights activists on Movement- related topics.
Our Thoughts. Articles, essays, analyses, and commentaries about the Freedom Movement and current events written by Freedom Movement veterans in the years since.
Poetry. Freedom Movement related poems by civil rights workers and others.
Nonviolent Reistance as Practiced in the Civil Rights Movement. Articles & resources about the range of nonviolent strategies and tactics used by the Freedom Movement.
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ). Movement veterans provide short answers to the questions most often asked by students interested in the Civil Rights Movement.
Speakers List. Names, background, and contact information for Movement veterans available to speak to groups and answer questions from individual students.
Web Links. Links to other Civil Rights Movement websites and pages.
Bibliography Listing of books, videos, and music about the Freedom Movement.
For Teachers. Resources for teachers.
Audio Recordings. Streaming audio recordings from events, interviews, discussions, and oral-histories.
Article Reprints. Illustrated versions of selected articles from this site in PDF format available for downloading.
Archive of Past CRMA Website Pages and Sections. Contains event- and date-specific pages and sections that are no longer listed in the active Menu Bar.

Information about Movement Veterans

Activist Roll Call. A section of the site where we can post information about ourselves — where and when and what we did in the Movement, where we’ve gone and what we’ve done and thought since, what we’ve achieved, milestones we’ve passed, and how old friends can reach us.
Speakers List. A list of Freedom Movement veterans available for interviews, speaking engagements, and answering questions. Schools, churches, youth groups, and other organizations who wish to hear first-hand from those who participated in the Civil Rights Movement can use this list to directly contact Freedom Movement activists.
In Memory. A section where we can post our testimony and memories of brothers and sisters who have passed on. We may not have an Arlington Cemetery or an Eternal Flame in Washington, but we can build a remembrance of word and thought more meaningful than dead stone and mute grass.

CRMA History

The Civil Rights Movement Archive (CRMA) was created in 1999 by Bay Area Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement (BayVet) member Bruce Hartford. It was originally called the “Civil Rights Movement Veterans” website (colloquially referred to as “CRMVet”). Initially, our purpose was to reconnect activists and freedom fighters and try to rebuild the Freedom Movement’s “Beloved Community.” To that end, our first page was the Roll Call of Freedom Movement Veterans which provides individual contact information and background.

With the aid of other BayVet members and movement activists, CRMVet took on role of collecting and providing free online access to original Freedom Movement documents, speeches, photos, articles, and other material created by those who were themselves movement participants. Over time, CRMVet evolved into a major online historical archive used by hundreds, then thousands of students, academics, authors, documentarians, and researchers. Today, CRMA provides one of the worlds’ largest online collections of Civil Rights Movement information resources.

In recognition of CRMVet’s growing historical-preservation importance, it changed its name to “Civil Rights Movement Archive” (CRMA) in 2019 and incorporated as a California non-profit in 2020.

The CRMA has been added to the National Park Service’s African American Civil Rights Network and it is a recommended teaching resource. In 2022, CRMA signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Duke University Libraries and their John Hope Franklin Research Center for them to assume stewardship over the archive to preserve and sustain it when the current managers are no longer able to carry the work forward.

Sister Sites

SNCC Legacy Project (SLP). SLP preserves and extends SNCC’s legacy. Although SNCC the organization no longer exists, we believe that its legacy continues and needs to be brought forward in ways that continue the struggle for freedom, justice and equality today.

SNCC Digital Gateway (SDG). A joint project of SLP and Duke University, SDG tells the story of how young activists in SNCC united with local people in the South to build a grassroots movement for change that empowered the Black community and transformed the nation.

Black Power Chronicles (BPC). Created to fill the information void that exists in our historical record about the impact of the Black Power Movement in local communities throughout America. And to identify and commemorate the 50th anniversary of the call for Black Power on June 16, 1966 — and thereby establish it as a significant historic event that deserves to be remembered and studied by people throughout the world

Teaching for Change and Zinn Education Project. Provides teachers and parents with the tools to create schools where students learn to read, write, and change the world by promoting and supporting the teaching of people’s history in middle and high school classrooms across the country.

SCOPE 50.
Preserving Civil Rights and the Story of Voting. Website of SCLC/SCOPE project activists.

Veterans of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement. Empowering the next generation, passing it on to carry it on by preserving the history of the Mississippi Movement.

CRMA Board of Directors

Bruce Hartford
President

Jennifer Lawson
Secretary

Liliana Soroceanu
Treasurer

Chude Allen
Speaker Coordinator

Ronald (Cole) Bridgeforth

Courtland Cox

John Gartrell

Midori Niikura Hartford

Contact Us

Email Us
Speaker Coordinator
Webmaster

The Civil Rights Movement Archive is a 501c3 nonprofit corporation.

CRMA Civil Rights Movement Archive Monthly Newsletter

Download: September, 2026 Newsletter

Our Sister Sites
Announcements
Top Ten Most Viewed
CRMA Video & Audio
Movement Documents
Letters & Reports
Articles & Speeches
In Memory, New Tributes
Photos, Art, & Posters
Recent Books

Our Sister Sites

	SNCC Legacy Project (SLP). SLP preserves and extends SNCC’s legacy. Although SNCC the organization no longer exists, we believe that its legacy continues and needs to be brought forward in ways that continue the struggle for freedom, justice and equality today.
	SNCC Digital Gateway (SDG). A joint project of SLP and Duke University, SDG tells the story of how young activists in SNCC united with local people in the South to build a grassroots movement for change that empowered the Black community and transformed the nation.
	Black Power Chronicles. The SNCC Legacy Project created the Black Power Chronicles (BPC) in 2015 to help fill the informational void that exists in our historical record about the impact of the Black Power Movement in local communities throughout America.
	SCOPE 50. Preserving Civil Rights and the Story of Voting. Website of SCLC/SCOPE project activists.
	Veterans of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement. Empowering the next generation, passing it on to carry it on by preserving the history of the Mississippi Movement.
	Movement History Initiative, John Hope Franklin Center, Duke University.
	Teaching for Change and Zinn Education Project. Provides teachers and parents with the tools to create schools where students learn to read, write, and change the world by promoting and supporting the teaching of people’s history in middle and high school classrooms across the country.

Announcements

SNCC & Grassroots Organizing Discussion Series. Spring, 2025. SNCC veterans and humanities scholars explore SNCC’s organizing work and its connections to life, community, social-justice struggles today. In-Person and Live-Streamed.

From Protest to Power Podcasts . SNCC Legacy Project (SLP). The central theme of these visual podcasts is the ongoing effort of the Black community to achieve the power to define its existence in America.

THANK YOU! Civil Rights Landmark Saved! Regarding the “Preserve St. Augusting Jail” announcement that ran in our April and May newsletter, the organizers notified us:

At a time of so much miserable news, you are to be thanked for your help in contacting officials in St. Augustine, Florida and telling them not to demolish the historic civil rights jail which made international news in 1964.

We won. As the late Dr. Robert B. Hayling, leader of the civil rights movement in St. Augustine, always said: “Never give up. Never give up. Never, never, never give up!“

If Anybody Should Ask You … This Is What Happened: A Memoir, by Gwendolyn J. Dennis-Mack. 2024. The personal story of an African American high school girl who joined the movement of young people to desegregate American classrooms in Deep South Georgia.

Movement Art: If you are aware of any works of art related to the Freedom Movement such as paintings, drawings, murals, statues, and so on, please take a look at our Civil Rights Movement Art page to see if we already have an image of it in our collection. If it isn’t included in our collection please email us an image we can post, or a weblink, or some other information that we can use. Thanks.

Movement Materials: Please continue to email to us documents, letters, reports, stories, and other Southern Freedom Movement materials from the period 1950-1970. See Submissions details.

Top Ten Most Viewed

According to Google, our top-ten, most-visited sections and individual pages in May.
(Note that Google does not count how often PDF files are accessed. Since most of our documents are in PDF format, the “Top Ten” lists are not all that accurate.)

Sections, Landing & Reference Pages

Individual Pages & Documents

Photo Album: The Sit-Ins—Off Campus and Into Movement (1960)
Photo Album: The Freedom Rides (1961)
Civil Rights Movement History: 1960 (student sit-ins)
The Other America, Dr. Martin Luther King. (1967)
Civil Rights Movement History: 1961 (Freedom Rides, MS voter registration, Albany GA)
Photo Album: The Children’s Crusade: Birmingham (1963)
Poems of Langston Hughes
Photo Album: Freedom Movement in Art
Photo Album: They Say That Freedom is a Constant Struggle (1962-1963)
Civil Rights Movement History: 1963 Jan-June (Birmingham, Greenwod, Danville)

Top Ten Sections & Pages That Others on the Internet Link To

Google reports that out on the global internet there are 21,335 backlinks to materials on our site by people, organizations, grade-schools, and universities using us as a trusted information resource.
The Top-Ten linked to pages are:

The Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR)
CRMA Home Page
The Other America, Dr. Martin Luther King. (1967)
Are You “Qualified” to Vote?—Literacy Tests & Voter Applications
Freedom Rides and Freedom Riders Resources
Public Opinion Polls on Civil Rights Movement activities 1961-1969, Roper Center archive
Civil Rights Movement History: 1961 (Freedom Rides, MS voter registration, Albany GA)
Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story Comic Book. (Fellowship of Reconciliation)
Nonviolence, Self-Defense & Provocateurs
Civil Rights Movement History: 1963 Jan-June (Birmingham, Greenwod, Danville)

CRMA Video & Audio

Our CRMA Video Channel on the Vimeo hosting service provides videos created by Freedom Movement veterans (or their immediate families) and videos created by others that are substantially about Movement veterans. When you visit the channel, please consider adding yourself as a “follower” for social-media metrics. Thanks.

Videos Posted in May

Bob Mants, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, Lowndes Co. AL, voter registration, Stokely Carmichael. 1988. 39 min.

Rudolph Lee, interviewed by Blackside. Montgomery Bus Boycott, Birmingham’s 16th Street Baptist Church, mass meetings. 1979. 13 min.

Linda Brown Smith, interviewed by Blackside. Brown v. Board of Education, Little Rock school integration. 1985. 15 min.

Darrell Evers, interviewed by Blackside. Re Medgar Evers. 1986. 21 min.

A.G. Gaston, interviewed by Blackside. Re Birmingham, AL protests, AG Gaston Motel, children in marches, Bull Connor, Fred Shuttlesworth, Martin Luther King. 1985. 17 min.

Patricia Harris, interviewed by Blackside. Re youth movement, protest marches, freedom songs. 1979. 16 min.

Georgia Gilmore, interviewed by Blackside. Re Montgomery Bus Boycott. 1979. 6 min.

Georgia Gilmore, interviewed by Blackside. Re Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks. 1985. 21min.

Joseph Ellwanger, interviewed by Blackside. Re Birmingham AL, Selma to Montgomery March. 1988. 28 min.

Darrell Evers, interviewed by Blackside. Re Medgar Evers. 1986. 21 min.

A.G. Gaston, interviewed by Blackside. Re Birmingham, AL protests, AG Gaston Motel, children in marches, Bull Connor, Fred Shuttlesworth, Martin Luther King. 1985. 17 min.

Georgia Gilmore, interviewed by Blackside. Re Montgomery Bus Boycott. 1979. 6 min.

Georgia Gilmore, interviewed by Blackside. Re Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks. 1985. 21min.

Sherie Labedis, SCLC, SCOPE, NAACP, South Carolina, 1965-66, 24min.

Julian Bond, SNCC, NAACP, Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR), Georgia state legislature, 1960-2015. 2006. 84 min.

Ed Brown, Louisiana sit-ins, Howard University’s Nonviolent Action Group (NAG), Freedom Summer, Holmes County, MFDP Mississippi Action for Community Education (MACE,) The Delta Foundation in Greenville, Mississippi. 2005. 120 min.

Constance Curry, SNCC, Georgia, 1960-64. March 2006. 69 min

Constance Curry, SNCC, Georgia, 1960-64. August 2006. 26 min.

Lawrence Guyot, SNCC, Mississippi, MFDP. Undated. 76 min.

Movement Documents

1947	Segregation on Common Carriers. By James Wallace, Fellowship of Southern Churchmen. Undated (probably 1947).
1947	About the Journey of Reconciliation. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and Fellowship of Reconciliation. March 13, 1947
1947	Journey of Reconciliation miscellaneous documents. 28 documents.
1947	NAACP Contact List for Journey of Reconciliation. Undated 1947.
1947	Journey of Reconciliation report. By Bayard Rustin, CORE/FoR. Undated (possibly May or June 1947). 13 pages.
1962?	Migrant Agricultural Labor, reading list and resources. Unsigned. Undated (possibly 1961 or 1962). 5 pages.
1963	Freedom Vote Group Oct/Nov 1963. Mississippi. Contact list of volunteers and their later-life compiled in 1995.
1964	Overview of the Political Program, COFO. Undated (possibly prepared for Freedom Summer).
1964	Freedom Schools Notes on Teaching in Mississippi. COFO multiple authors. Undated (possibly May or June 1964).
1964	Sample Official Ballot, June 2nd, Mississippi Democratic Party Primary.
1964	COFO Council of Federated Organizations, flyer. Unsigned. Undated (probably 1964)
1964	Dear Mr. Watts, information for Freedom School teacher. Sandra (Casey) Hayden, COFO. 5/26/64
1964	The Negro as a Political Force in America and in the South Since 1900– , by Otis Pease (Hattiesburg COFO). Undated. 10 Pages.
1964	Freedom Summer California volunteers Unsigned. Undated. 6 pages.
1964	COFO Political Program. Unsigned COFO. Undated (probably for 1964 Freedom Summer volunteers). 3 pages.
1964	Mississippi Freedom Schools, memo appealing for support. Unsigned COFO. Undated (possibly May or June 1964).
1964	Car-tax receipt levied on summer volunteer Tom Watts by Jones County MS. $6.68 (equal to $70 in 2025). 7/8/64
1965	Lousiana CORE Personal Information form instructions, W.? Webb, CORE. Undated (probably 1/65).
1965?	Adopt a Freedom School, Tom Watts (COFO volunteer). Undated (probably 1965)
1966	Statement on exploitation and suffering, re housing. Unsigned SNCC Atlanta Project. 3 pages.
1966	Conversation with Robert Slayton report. Re landlord Shaffer and community’s attitude towards the Movement. Unsigned SNCC Atlanta Project. 2/16/66
1966	Report on attempt to hold community meeting re housing and landlord Shaffer. Unsigned SNCC Atlanta Project. 2/17/66
1966	Independent Candidate’s Petition’s, Number of Selectors Signatures. Unsigned (for running MFDP candidates as Independents because they lost in the June Democratic primaries.
1966	Managers for State Senate Campaign, Bolivar Co. Unsigned MFDP. November 8, 1966.
1966	Sample Ballot, Mississipi general election. 11/8/66.
1967	Election organizing materials. Unsigned MFDP (Bolivar Co. MS?) Undated 1967. 5 pages.
1968	Democratic National Convention 1968, map of Chicago convention hall. (Probably provided to Mississippi delegates (including former MFDP)
1968	To All Humphre-Muskie Campaign Workers. Thank you note from Aaron Henry and Claude Ramsay.
1971	Bolivar County Convention program. Mississippi. Unsigned (MFDP?) 9/11/71
1971	Bolivar County Convention Resolution political platform. Mississippi. Unsigned (MFDP?) 9/11/71

Personnel Documents

Mrs. Cathrine Ciswell(?)	Louisiana CORE Personnel Information form. 1/21/65
Richard Jewett	Louisiana CORE Personnel Information form, 1/21/65
George Smith Jr.	Louisiana CORE Personnel Information form, 1/21/65
Stu Wechsler	Louisiana CORE Personnel Information form, 1/21/65
Eric Weinberger	Louisiana CORE Personnel Information form, 1/21/65
Frank Wright	Louisiana CORE Personnel Information form, 1/21/65
Joyce Marie Johnson	Louisiana CORE Personnel Information form, 1/21/65
Joel Rubenstein	Louisiana CORE Personnel Information form, undated (presumed 1/65)

Documents from the Northern Wing of the Movement

5/64

FoS

Newsletter, Bay Area Friends of SNCC (FoS)

Letters & Reports From the Field

11/62	Leko	Dear Faith, note to Faith Holsaert in Albany GA. Undated (probably late November or early December 1962)
11/9/62	Daddy (Holsaert)	Dearest Faith, letter to Faith Holsaert in Albany GA
12/8/62	[Illegible] & Dennis	Dearest Faith, letter to Faith Holsaert re work and situation in Albany GA
12/9/62	Daddy (Holsaert)	Dearest Faith, letter to Faith Holsaert in Albany GA
12/31/62	Grandma Cora (Holsaert)	Dear Faith, note to Faith Holsaert in Albany GA.
9/24/63	Rev. B.L. Tucker, SNCC	Selma Alabama report, student protests, arrest & incareration of Tucker.
1/7/63	Rochelle Haimer(?)	Dear Faith, letter to Faith Holsaert in Albany GA.
2/17/67	J. Reece	Appeal to Operation Freedom for help, re unionization effort (handwritten). Mississippi
6/3/67	Mrs. Flossie Minley	Dear Mr. Moore, appeal Amzie Moore for financial help (handwritten). Mississippi
6/7/67	Bill Peters	Dear Amzie Note to Amzie Moore regarding TV release and copy of show (handwritten).
9/20/67	Alex Cockersole, MSES	Mr. Amzie Moore, invitation from Mississippi State Employment Service to participate in forum for community leaders.
9/28/67	BCVL	Appeal to white voters by establishment power structure, Bolivar Co. Mississippi
11/27/67	J. Dodson, MFDP?	Beat organizing report, Bolivar County?

Letters & Reports From Mississippi Freedom Summer

9/13	To the Alumnae of COFO-Hattiesburg, Leigh, Schwartzbaum, Kelly. Letter to former volunteers updating them on events. 2 pages.

Articles & Speeches From the Southern Freedom Movement

1964	Draft article for USIS Peggy Reiman, submitted to United States Information Service (publication status unknown). June 1964.

Thoughts & Commentaries

Wilcox County Alabama Voting Rights Fight Timeline, Maria Gitin, May 2025

ASCMR Spring Report. Americus Sumter County Remembered Committee. May 2025

In Memory, New Tributes

Worth Long

Photos, Art, & Posters

Before I’ll Be a Slave…
Grenada Freedom Movement, 1966

Web Links and Bibliography updated, revised, & expanded.

Archive of Previous Monthly Newsletters

Recent Books by or About Movement Veterans:

Spell Freedom: The Underground Schools That Built the Civil Rights Movement.
Atria/One Signal Publishers (Simon & Schuster) March 2025. The little known story of how four activists in the 1950s created and built a semi-clandestine network of Citizenship Schools across the Jim Crow South. A network that formed a foundation for the Freedom Movement’s voting rights battles of the 1960s. Septima Clark, Esau Jenkins, Bernice Robinson, and Myles Horton of the Highlander Center.

Mississippi’s Black Cotton. By MacArthur Cotton and John Obee, foreword by Nikole Hannah-Jones. University of Georgia Press. May 1, 2025. A personal history of the 1960’s Mississippi Civil Rights Movement by SNCC Field Secretary MacArthur Cotton, who lived it.

More Voices of Civil Rights Lawyers: Continuing the Struggle, by Kent Spriggs. Stories and descriptions by 23 Civil Rights Lawyers about their struggles to advance and maintain human rights in the United States South.

Putting the Movement Back Into Civil Rights Teaching, Second Edition. By Menkart, Murray, and View. 2024. Lessons, quizzes, images, essays, articles, primary source documents, and poetry, to help teachers go beyond a “heroes and holidays” approach to teaching about the Freedom Movement in K-12 classrooms. The focus is on people of color, women, youth, organizing, culture, institutional racism, and the interconnectedness of social movements — Desegregation of Public Spaces, Voting Rights, Black Power, Labor and Land, Transnational Solidarity, and Student Engagement.

Unlawfully Incarcerated At Age Thirteen, by Emmarene Kaigler Streeter, 2024. Personal story of one the “Stolen Girls of the Lee County Stockade arrested in Americus GA, and imprisoned in 1963.

Marching in Montgomery, by John J. Hartman. IPBooks. 2024. First-hand account by a participant of the March 1965 voting rights protests in Montgomery Alabama in support of the movement in Selma AL.

Ma Lineal: A Memoir of Race, Activism, and Queer Family, by Faith Holsaert. Memoir of NYC childhood, SNCC in Southwest Georgia, and raising her own children in the coalfields of West Virginia.

The Rise and Fall of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, by Martin Oppenheimer. Native Publishers, 2024. Concise history including the historical antecedents, the Greensboro sit-ins, Freedom Summer, the violence of KKK and police, and its demise around 1973.

As always comments, suggestions, corrections, and submissions from Freedom Movement activists are welcome. Veterans of the Southern Freedom Movement who are listed on the website’s Roll Call are encouraged to contribute to the website their stories, thoughts, documents, and memories & tributes of those who have passed on by emailing them in to us.

If you’re not already a subscriber to the monthly email version of this newsletter, send us your email address and let us know you’d like to be added to the list. To unsubscribe (heaven forfend!) do the same.

— Bruce Hartford
webspinner@crmvet.org

CRMA Film, Video & Audio Recordings

This page lists video and audio recordings posted on this Civil Rights Movement Archive website and our CRMA Vimeo channel. Click here for the latest video and audio recordings.

Freedom Movement Related Videos

CRMA Vimeo Channel on the Vimeo platform provides free live-streaming of films and videos about the Freedom Movement of the 1950s-1960s.

You can directly access the videos from this page by clicking on the links below.
Or you can go to the Channel and use it’s (less informative) user-interface.

The films and videos in our Vimeo channel are grouped into “showcases” that reflect our “up-from-below,” “inside-out,” and “lives-lived” approach to documenting our history. All of them were either created by Freedom Movement veterans (or their immediate families), or were created by others but are substantially about Movement veterans, or were created with significant input from veterans.

Video Channel Contents:

Documentary Films Collection, professionally created films.
Our Voices Collection, individually created videos.
Freedom Movement Stories We Always Wanted to Tell, short stories by many veterans.
Freedom Summer 50th Anniversary Conference Collection, June 2014.
SNCC Conferences Collection, videos from SNCC conferences and SLP events.
SCLC/SCOPE 50th Anniversary Collection, panels, interviews, & discussion
Panels, Discussions & Presentations about the Freedom Movement
SNCC Legacy Project (SLP) videos

Julian Bond Video Collection, interviews by Gregg Ivers (American Univ).
Charles Bonner Collection, videos created by a SNCC veteran.
Courtland Cox Collection, videos created by SNCC and SLP leader.
James Farmer Collection, videos from Farmer’s Civil Rights Movement course, 1986.
Eyes on the Prize Interviews, by Blackside, Inc. 1980s.
Freedom Summer Interviews & Stories, 1964-1965
Library of Congress: Civil Rights History Project
Movement Veterans Interviewed by Students.
Questions From Teachers Collection, 2 discussions by UC Berkeley.
Richmond 34 Collection
Sixth Floor Museum Oral History Collection, Museum at Dealey Plaza, Dallas TX.
St. Augustine Movement Collection
Veterans of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement Collection, oral-history interviews.
Voices Across the Colorline, Atlanta History Center interviews.
Voices of Freedom ~ Virginia Commonwealth University, videos related to the Movement in Virginia.

Documentary Films Collection

The Documentary Films Collection contains films about Freedom Movement events or individuals from an “up-from-below,” “inside-out,” and “lives-lived” view of the Civil Rights Movement.

Accompanying: The Journey of Alice and Staughton Lynd (excerpts), by Maestra Productions & Prison Radio. 2023. SNCC, freedom schools, Spelman, Howard Zinn. 23min.

Al, My Brother, By Cash Michaels. The story of 82-year old civil rights attorney/activist Alan McSurely, and his over 50-year battle against racism and white supremacy. 2018. 98min.

Anne Braden: Southern Patriot, by Anne Lewis & Mimi Pickering, Appalshop, Inc. 2012. First person documentary about a long-time, dedicated, rights leader. 58min.

Freedom Ride to Houston, 1961 Los Angeles to Houston Freedom Ride and Progressive Youth Association (Texas Southern Univ) sit-in and arrest. By Comcast Newsmakers. 2022. 16min.

In Rarefied Air: A Civil Rights Story, 8 Train Productions (Jack Straton), 2009. SNCC member Karen Haberman Trusty talks to Portland State University students. 57min.

The Intolerable Burden: 50th Anniversary of the Integration of Schools in Drew Mississippi, by COFO and Fannie Lou Hamer Institute at Jackson State Univ. Film and discussion, 108min.

Living the Story: Civil Rights Movement in Kentucky, by Brannon & Rouse, Kentucky Historical Society, 2002. 58min.

E.D. Nixon and The Montgomery Bus Boycott, by Lucy Massier Phenix, You Got to Move Shorts. 1983/2021. 9min.

One More River to Cross, by Glen & Susan Percy. 1969/2012. About the movement in Southwest Georgia. 23min.

Passage at St. Augustine, by Clennon L. King (son of Albany GA Movement leader C.B. King), AugustineMonica Films, 2015. Depiction of the fierce nonviolent anti-segregation movement in the small Florida town of St. Augustine in 1964. 60min.

The Road to Mississippi Reclaiming Our History, by Grito Productions with Through Our Eyes Video and History Project. 1990. Students at Schomburg Satellite Academy (NYC) analyze the Hollywood film Mississippi Burning, that misrepresents the lynching of Chaney, Schwerner, and Goodman. 29min. (See also Commentaries on Mississippi Burning.)

Sit-In STAND OUT documentary film about the 1960 Richmond VA lunch-counter sit-ins by Richmond Performing Arts Alliance (RPAA), 2011. 16 min.

They Say I’m Your Teacher: the Story of the Citizenship Schools, by Lucy Massier Phenix and Veronica Selver, You Got to Move Shorts. 1985/2019. Story of Bernice Robinson, the Citizenship Schools and the clandestine struggle for voting rights in the 1950s. 9min.

The Way to Freedom Selma and the Making of a Movement, by Northern Light Productions for National Park Service. 2020. Story of courageous ordinary citizens, many of them teenagers, who successfully challenged racism, bigotry, and entrenched power in the 1960s to gain the right to vote. 23min.

We Have the Power, We Can Do It, the Story of Bill Saunders and the Charleston SC Hospital Workers’ Strike, by Lucy Massier Phenix, You Got to Move Shorts. 2020, 13min.

When Desegregation Came to Sand Springs, by James W. Russell (CORE), 2023. Story of how courageous students and CORE activists fought for school desegregation in one Oklahoma town, 30min.

Counter Histories: documenting the struggle to desegregate southern restaurants in the Civil Rights Movement. By Southern Foodways Alliance, Kate Medley series director/producer, John T. Edge executive producer. 2014.

Durham’s NC’s “Royal Seven”, sit-in at Royal Ice Cream in 1957. With Rev. Douglas E. Moore and Virginia Lee Williams. By Jesse Paddock. 9min.

Nashville Student Movement, 1960s Sit-ins, Nashville TN. Interviews with: Gloria McKissack, Mathew Walker Jr. By Wyatt Williams and Dustin Chambers. By Kate Medley and Mimi Schiffman. 8min.

Friendship 9, Rock Hill SC, nine students from Friendship College use a “Jail, No Bail” strategy to desegregate lunch counters in 1961. By Fr3deR1cK Taylor and Ellen Barnard. 8min.

Dizzyland Cafe Sit-In, Cambridge MD, and the role of sit-ins in 1963. By Nick and Kelsey Michaels. 7min.

Woolworth’s lunch counter, 1963 Sit-in, Jackson, MS. By Kate Medley and Mimi Schiffman. Interviews with: Colia Clark, Rev. Ed King, Joan Trumauer Mulholland. 7min.

Our Voices Collection

The Our Voices Collection contains individual videos created by, or substantially featuring, Freedom Movement veterans who present an “up-from-below,” “inside-out,” and “lives-lived” view of the Civil Rights Movement.

Gaye Adegbalola: Civil Rights and the Blues, by University of Mary Washington, 2017. Fredericksburg, VA. 1960 lunch counter sit-ins. 82min.

Vera Jones Allen Interview. By George Gilliam, William Thomas, Mason Mills, of The Ground Beneath Our Feet project. Moton High School student strike Prince Edward County, VA. Barbara Johns, Massive Resistance to school integration campaign. 2000. 47 min.

Joann Bland, Selma Alabama, by Philip Powell. 2013. Joann Bland talks with Valparaiso University students. Selma, AL., 18min.

Joan Browning interview with David Trowbridge, 2023. SNCC 1961-65. Georgia. SNCC Secretary. Freedom Rides. Albany, GA. 61min.

Ron (Cole) Bridgeforth Oral-History Interview, by Brotherhood of Elders Network, discusses Freedom Summer, SNCC, Mississippi. 63min.
Transcript.

Doris Derby: Memorial Service Video Remembrance, by Joyce Ladner, on Behalf of the SNCC Legacy Project (SLP). 2min

From Georgia and Virginia to Harlem and Beyond, by Peggy Trotter Dammond Preacely. A video poem for Black History month, 2022. 4min. Transcription.

Edwilda Allen Issac Interview. By George Gilliam, William Thomas, Mason Mills, of The Ground Beneath Our Feet project. Moton High School student strike Prince Edward County, VA. Barbara Johns, Massive Resistance to school integration campaign. 2000. 7 min.

Ernest McMillan: Sidley Celebrates Black History Month, by Sidley Austin LLP, 2023. Dallas, TX, racial justice, social justice, Dallas Environmental Justice Network. 67min.

Claire Milligan Oral History Session #1, 164min ~
Transcript.

Claire Milligan Oral History Session #2, 137min ~
Transcript.
Southern Freedom Movement, Montgomery, AL, Black Workers Congress (BWC), lifetime of activism. Interviewed by Bruce Hartford.

Nannie Louise Pinchback’s Letter from Jail, Danville, VA, 1963, read by herself. By S. Wolen and IMLS Institute for Museum and Library Services. 2010. 4min

Past & Present: A Gathering With Freedom Movement Veterans, Bay Area Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement gathering at Stanford University, 2015. By students from Wilson & Harbor high schools Santa Cruz Co. CA. 12min.

Remembering Dr. King — A Winter Soldier, by Bruce Hartford. MLK Day remembrance at The Women’s Building, San Francisco, for Indivisible SF. 2018.
Transcript of similar address.

Jimmy Rogers Interview, by students from The Urban School of San Francisco, 2010. SNCC veteran Jimmy Rogers discusses the movement in Alabama, Tuskegee University, Lowndes County, and the assassination of Jonathan Daniels. 120min.

Selma and Its Aftermath: A Photographic Journey, by New Hampshire Institute of Politics. Civil rights veteran Bill Monnie discusses his book:

Selma and It’s Aftermath. 2022. 85min.

Selma and the Long Struggle for Voting Rights, by Bruce Hartford, John Lewis memorial “Good Trouble Vigil for Democracy” vigil, July 20, 2021, Oakland CA., 9min.

Stand For Freedom: the Life and Times of Willie B. Wazir Peacock, by Lis Cox, 2014. 124min.

Excerpt discussing organizing, 6min.

Excerpt a shooting in Greenwood MS, 5min.

Excerpt about courage, 7min.

Charles Sherrod: Keynote Address at Race and Law Conference, to “50 Years After the Sit-Ins” conference at University of Virginia School of Law. 2010. 26min.

The Freedom Movement Stories We Always Wanted to Tell Collection

This collection contains short videos from a 2010 Movement veterans story-telling session at the San Francisco Main Library to an audience of other movement veterans and family members.

Chude Allen ~
My Mother and Father Believe Ours Is a Good Country, 7min. Transcript

Miriam Cohen Glickman ~
Our Mississippi Dilemma, 3min. Transcript

Hardy Frye ~
Everyone Was a Leader, 6min. Transcript.

Bruce Hartford ~
Albert Turner & the Rocking Chair, 7min. Transcript

Stu House ~
‘Inciting to Riot’ in Selma Alabama, 7min. Transcript

Adam Kine ~ Greenwood, 10min. Transcript

Sherie Labedis ~
Fireball in the Night, 7min. Transcript

Mike Miller ~
The Agitator, 10min. Transcript

Willie B. Wazir Peacock ~
“Oh Freedom”, 5min.

Willie B. Wazir Peacock ~
Fighting for Freedom in the Mississippi Delta, 9min. Transcript.

Jimmy Rogers ~
Experience with Violence in Lowndes County, 8min. Transcript

Scott B. Smith Jr ~
My Name is Scott B. Smith, Jr., 6min. Transcript

Nancy Elaine Stoller ~
Bowling in Prince Georges County, 9min. Transcript

Rick Tuttle ~
The Brutal Winona Mississippi Jail Beatings of June 1963, 10min. Transcript

Bright Winn ~
Mrs. Magruder, 15min. Transcript

SNCC Anniversary Conferences and SLP Events

Videos from Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) anniversary conferences and SNCC Legacy Project (SLP) events.
SNCC 60th Anniversary Conference, online, 2021
SNCC 50th Anniversary Conference, Raleigh NC, 2010
SNCC 40th Anniversary Conference, Raleigh NC, 2000
SNCC 28th Anniversary Conference, Hartford CT, 1988

SNCC 60th Anniversary Conference, Online.
The SNCC 60th Anniversary Conference was held online in October of 2021 to commemorate the founding of SNCC in 1960 and to uplift the current anti-racist, pro-people struggles of young activists today.

Videos produced by the SNCC Legacy Project (SLP), 2021.

Plenary Sessions

SNCC: 60 Years Strong , Retrospective video about the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Freedom Movement (1951-1968). 21min.

In Memoriam, SNCC members memorial video. 8min.

Stand Up and Shout: the SNCC Freedom and Justice Concert, Virtual concert celebrating SNCC and the Southern Freedom Movement (1951-1968). 74min.

Panels & Workshops

60th-1: The Power Of The Past, We who believe in freedom cannot rest. By SNCC Legacy Project (SLP), 82min.

60th-2: The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 70min. Transcript.

60th-3: Lowndes County Freedom Party (LCFP), Black Power, political educational, organizing strategies, voting rights, political power. 70min. Transcript.

60th-4: Making Our Way Into Political Office To Make Change, Power of office, policy, legislative and financial needs of the Black community. 59min. Transcript.

60th-5: Organizing The Black Community To Vote, Electoral organizing strategies: presidential, state and local. 2020, 2022, 2024. 71min. Transcript.

60th-6: The Fight For The MS Educational Ballot Initiative, Mississippi “education is essential” ballot initiative. 67min.

60th-7: Attorneys General and District Attorneys, Justice, district attorneys, attorneys general, legal systems, and voters. 72min. Transcript.

60th-8: SNCC: 60 Years Strong, Retrospective video about the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Freedom Movement (1951-1968). 21min.

60th-9: Criminal Justice: Effecting Change, Addressing police violence and criminal justice disparities. 78min. Transcript.

60th-10 Changing The Mission Of The Criminal Justice System, Addressing police violence and criminal justice disparities., 78min. Transcript.

60th-11 Economic Power And Economic Security, Politics, economics, and the wellbeing of the Black community. 72min. Transcript.

60th-12 Education for Self Determination, 77min. Transcript.

60th-13 The Artist as Activist, 68min. Transcript.

60th-14 Affordable Housing, Safe Neighborhoods. 79min. Transcript.

60th-15 The Importance of Land; Food Insecurity. 62min. Transcript.

60th-16 Stand Up And Shout: SNCC Freedom & Justice Concert. Featuring 60 Years Of Voices Of Artists/Activists. 74min.

60th-17 The Path Forward, Racial divisions, securing rights, create the benefits a democratic and equitable society, vision61min. Transcript.

60th-18 HBCUs and Africana Studies Programs, Cultural preservation, passing down generational knowledge, the role of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Black Studies, and Africana programs. 71min.
Transcript.

60th-19 Black-Brown Movement Building, Rachel Gilmer, Paul Ortiz, Zoharah Simmons, Maria Varela. 71min. Transcript.

60th-20 Where Do We Go From Here?, What must we do to strengthen and protect the Black community? How will technological and demographic change affect Black struggle? 67min. Transcript.

60th-21 Telling And Teaching The SNCC Story, SNCC Digital Gateway (SDG), Civil Rights Movement Archive (CRMA), Zinn Education Project. 65min. Transcript.

60th-22 Building Political Alliances and Coalitions, Heather Booth, Denise Diaz, Adam Kruggel, Larry Rubin. 60min. Transcript.

60th-23 Controlling Local, State and Federal Budgets, Politicians and budgets: Kwame Brown, Elijah Rogers, Carol Thompson Cole. 53min.
Transcript.

60th-24 A Salute to Past and Upcoming Generations, Young organizers, current activists, immediate and future challenges: Courtland Cox, Dejuana Thompson. 44min.
Transcript.

SNCC Digital Gateway, telling SNCC’s history, Geri Augusto, Judy Richardson, Emilye Crosby and Hasan Kwame Jeffries. 42min.

Conference Small Group Discussions

As part of the SNCC 60th Conference in October of 2021, eight small-groups of Freedom Movement veterans discussed the Freedom Movement and how it affected their lives. The sessions were video-recorded and transcribed. The videos have not been edited. The transcripts contain clarifications, corrections, and annotations in [brackets]. Please check a transcript before quoting from a discussion.

Group A:

Video
Transcription
Bruce Hartford, Jennifer Lawson, Peter de Lissovoy, Claire O’Connor Rick Tuttle

Group B:

Video
Transcription
Chude Pam Parker Allen, Heather Tobis Booth, Daphne Muse, Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons, Larry Spears, Pat Vail

Group C:

Video
Transcription [TBD]
Ron Cole Bridgeforth, Theresa El-Amin, Martha Livingston, Penny Patch, Dorothy Zellner

Group D:

Video
Transcription
Phyllis Cunningham, Fatima Cortez, Laura Foner, Karen Haberman (Trusty), Peter Orris, John McAuliff

Group E:

Video
Transcription
Arlene Dunn, Ira Grupper, Constancia Dinky Romilly, Karen Spellman, Nancy Stearns, Eugene Turitz

Group F:

Video
Transcription

Josh Gould, Janet Heinritz-Canterbury, Ed Nakawatase, Frances O’Brien, Muriel Tillinghast

Group G:

Video
Transcription
Angeline Butler, Marion Kwan, Linda Wetmore Halpern, Johnny E. Parham, Jr., Bill Perlman, Jane Silver

Group H:

Video
Transcription
Miriam Cohen Glickman, Carol Rogoff Hallstrom, Faith Holsaert, Timothy Jenkins

SNCC 50th Anniversary Conference, Shaw University, Raleigh NC, April 2010. Videos produced by California Newsreel.

SNCC 50th #1 ~ Opening Plenary by California Newsreel, 100min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #2 ~ Early Student Movement Philosophy and Activism, 53min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #3 ~ From Student Activist to Field Organizers 96min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #4 ~ SNCC Builds an Organization, 77min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #5 ~ The Raleigh Civil Rights Movement, 79min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #6 ~ Luncheon Keynote: Rev James Lawson, 41min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #7 ~ The Societal Response to SNCC, 80min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #8 ~ Up South: We Raised Money, We Raised Hell, 82min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #9 ~ More than a Hamburger, 90min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #10 ~ Moving On Mississippi—We Had to Be Strong, Hollis Watkins (SNCC Field Secretary), Brenda Travis (Pike County Nonviolent Movement), Rev. Willie Blue (SNCC Field Secretary), 80min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #11 Alabama ~ Turning To Ourselves, Black power as articulated by SNCC, Lowndes County, Alabama, 86min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #12 Southwest Georgia—Do You Want To Be Free, SNCC Project Director Charles Sherrod, Rutha Harris SNCC Field Secretary, Shirley Sherrod. 76min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #13 Arkansas, Cambridge MD, Danville VA, Everybody Say Freedom, 83min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #14 ~ The Impact and Influence of SNCC on American Society 1960-1968, Vincent Harding (SNCC & SCLC Advisor), Charles Payne (Univ. of Chicago) Taylor Branch (Author), Clayborne Carson (Stanford Univ.), Tom Hayden (SDS)117min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #15 ~ What was SNCC and how did it evolve?, Joyce Ladner, Timothy Jenkins, Cleveland Sellers, Zohorah Simmons. 103min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #16 ~ Political Impact of SNCC 1964-1984, Ivanhoe Donaldson, Courtland Cox, Julian Bond. 95min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #17 Luncheon Keynote – Harry Belafonte, Rev. David Forbes, Dr. Dorothy Yancy. 65min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #18 ~ Ella Baker’s Roots: Give People Light…, Rev. William Barber, Tim Tyson, Carolyn Brockington, Bernice Johnson Reagon.81min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #19 ~ Depictions of the Movement in Popular Culture, many participants. 95min.

SNCC 50th #20 ~ Black Power Black Education and Pan Africanism, Courtland Cox, Geri Augusto, Gregory Carr, Sylvia Hill, Howard Moore. 90min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #21 ~ The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, Lawrence Guyot, Michael Thelwell, Armand Derfner, MacArthur Cotton. 96min.
Transcript.

SNCC 50th #22 ~ Women Leaders and Organizers–You Can Do This, Frances Beal, Mary King, Cynthia Fleming, Doris Derby, Maria Varela, Martha Prescod Norman Noonan. 97min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #23 ~ The Black Church and Black Struggle, Rev. Bernard Lafayette, Rev. Nelson Johnson, Rev. David Forbes. 90min. Transcript.

SNCC 50th #24 ~ Highlander, SSOC and Organizing in the White Community We Knew That We Were Not Free, Bob Zellner, Sue Thrasher, Sharlene Kranz, Margaret Lauren Herring, Candie Carawan, Ed Hamlett. 95min.
Transcript.

SNCC 50th #25 ~ SNCC and the Black Arts Movement: We Had to Change the Conversation, A.B. Spellman, Amiri Baraka, Haki Madhubuti, Jamila Jones, John O’Neal. 90min.
Transcript.

SNCC 50th #26 ~ Plenary, Joyce Ladner traces her roots in the tiny Black community of Palmers Crossing to civil rights activism. 62min.

SNCC 50th #27 ~ SNCC Children Speak, Maisha Moses, James Forman, Jr, Tarik Smith, Sabina Zuqiga Varela, Zora Cobb, Hollis Watkins, Jr. 72min.

SNCC 50th #28 ~ Luncheon Keynote: Congressman John Lewis, history in action (plus the chickens story). 54min.

SNCC 50th #29 ~ Luncheon Keynote – US Attorney General Eric Holder, from the sit-ins to Obama, racial inequality in everything from unemployment rates to the length of prison terms. 29min.

SNCC 50th #30 ~ The Young Peoples Project ~ The Young Peoples Project. Omo Moses, Albert Sykes, Various Activists. 88min.
Transcript

SNCC 50th #31 ~ The Cradle to Prison Pipeline, Benetta Standly, Crystal Mattison, Carmen Perez, Carrie Richburg. 91min.
Transcript

SNCC 50th #32 ~ Actions For A New World, Ash-Lee Henderson, Jonathan Lewis, Djuan Coleon, Ace Washington, Marilyn Shaw. 149min.
Transcript

SNCC 50th #33 ~ Special Program – Dick Gregory ~ They’re Asking Different Questions Today. 68min.
Transcript

SNCC 50th #34 ~ Plenary – In Remembrance of Ella Baker, Howard Zinn, and James Forman Charles Sherrod, Dr. Carolyn Brockington, Constancia ‘Dinky’ Romilly, Vincent Harding. 82min.
Transcript

SNCC 50th #35 ~ Dinner Keynote – Danny Glover, The Real Costs Lie Ahead. 36min.
Transcript

SNCC 50th #36 ~ Freedom Concert, Hot 8 Brass Band, SNCC Freedom Singers, Bernice Johnson Reagon, Guy Carawan, Len Chandler, Harry Belafonte, more…

SNCC 50th #37 ~ Plenary – Bob Moses, We the People,
Transcript

SNCC 50th #38 ~ Closing Program – Bernice Johnson Reagon, Solidarity of Past, Present and Future.
Transcript

SNCC 40th Anniversary Conference Collection, Shaw University, Raleigh NC, April 2000.

SNCC 40th #1 ~ Conference welcome and remembrance of Ms. Ella Baker, by SNCC veterans, 62min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #2 ~ Remembrance of Ms. Ella Baker, continued by SNCC veterans, 63min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #3 ~ Ella Baker discussion continued and general discussion, by SNCC veterans. 61min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #4 ~ Workshop discussing strategies and tactics of organizing, by SNCC veterans. 61min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #5 ~ The role of struggle in the development of a democratic society, by SNCC veterans. 39min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #6 ~ Remembrances of the first meeting organizing SNCC, by SNCC veterans. 60min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #7 ~ Remembrance of Ms. Ella Baker by Ann Braden, by SNCC veterans. 41min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #8 ~ Ms. Ella Baker’s role in the founding of SNCC, 54min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #9 ~ Chuck McDew’s remembrances; Ella Baker as mentor (Ladner), 63min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #10 and #11 ~ Installation of a historic marker for SNCC in Raleigh, NC, 60min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #12 ~ ~ The legacy of Ms. Ella Baker, 48min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #13 ~ Welcoming remarks; history of SNCC, 55min. Transcript.

SNCC 40th #14 Baker award: The Algebra Project; Jamil Al-Amin, 35min. Transcript

SNCC 40th #15 Workshop on strategies and tactics for organizing. Muriel Tillinghast, Victoria Gray and Lawrence Guyot. 41min.
Transcript.

SNCC 40th #16 The Importance of Building Alliances . 60min.
Transcript.

SNCC 28th Anniversary: We Shall Not Be Moved: The Life and Times of SNCC 1960-1966 Conference Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut April 14, 1988

SNCC 28th ~ “The New Abolitionists” and the Modern South, Howard Zinn, Joanne Grant, Mary King, June Johnson. 66min.

SNCC 28th ~ “The Redemptive Community:” The sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and the birth of SNCC, Sparky Rucker, Julian Bond, Diane Nash, James Forman, Charles McDew, Bob Zellner. 148min.

SNCC 28th ~ The Beginnings of the Voter Registration Movement 1961-1963, Julian Bond, James Forman, Bernard Lafayette, Charles Sherrod, Danny Lyon. 146min.

SNCC 28th ~ Tom Hayden, 67min.

SNCC 28th ~ “In the Middle of the Iceberg”: The Movement in Mississippi, 1964-1965, Lawrence Guyot, Victoria Gray Adams, Hollis Watkins, Mendy Samstein, Casey Hayden, James Forman. 124min.

SNCC 28th ~ ~ “Oh Freedom”: The Music of the Movement, Bernice Reagon 71min.

SNCC 28th ~ The SNCC Woman and the Stirrings of Feminism, Mary King, Casey Hayden, Jean Wheeler Smith, Joyce Ladner. 110min.

SNCC 28th ~ Alabama Bound: Selma and the Lowndes County Black Panther Party 1964-1966, Martha Norman, Robert Mants, Johnny Jackson. 134min.

SNCC 28th ~ Discussions with SNCC Veterans and Students, Abdulrahman Mohamed Babu & Bill Hansen. 78min.

SNCC 28th ~ The Rise and Triumph of Black Power 1965-1966,, Michael Thelwell, Cleveland Sellers, Gloria House, Courtland Cox, Kwame Toure (Stokely Carmichael). 256min.

SNCC 28th ~ SNCC the 1960s and the American Democratic Tradition, Clayborne Carson, Allen Matusow, Michael Thelwell, Jack Chatfield. 115min.

SCLC/SCOPE 50th Anniversary Collection

Videos from SCLC/SCOPE 50th Reunion, Atlanta GA, October 1-4 2015
Group & presentation

Women activists group, 15min.

Where Do We go From Here? SCOPE 50th anniversary discussion, 2015. 32min.

Tribute to Jimmie Lee Jackson, murdered by Alabama State Trooper, poem Ode to Jimmie Lee by Jim “Strider” Benston. 6min.

Hosea Williams III Exhibit, SCOPE 50th Anniversary Archives. 3min. (No sound)

Tribute to Deceased; Libations, John Reynolds, Dr. Barbara Williams Emerson. 16min.

Takeaways from SCLC/SCOPE 50th Reunion, John Reynolds. 5min.

Interviews

Dr. Barbara Williams Emerson. CORE, SCLC, 1963-1972, Georgia, AL, NY, GA, Hosea Williams (father), 24min.

Jo Freeman, CORE 1963-64, SCLC 1965-66, SCOPE, SCLC staff, AL, MS GA, 1965-66. 2018. 23 min.

Lanny Kaufer, SCLC/SCOPE, Sussex County, VA, voter registration. 2018. 28 min.

Sherie Labedis, SCLC, SCOPE, NAACP, South Carolina, 1965-66, 24min.

Andrew Marrisett, interview. SCLC, AFSC, 1963-78, AL, GA, TX, NC, SC. 2020. 29min.

Peggy Ryan Poole, interview. SCOPE, 1965. VA, Atlanta GA. 25min.

Rev. John Reynolds. SCLC, 1965-71 AL, GA, MS, SC, 24min.

Richard Smiley. SCLC, 1965-66 Selma AL, Dawson GA, Meredith Mississippi March. 38min.

Richard Smiley, SCLC, 1965-66 Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi. 2018. 28 min.

Andrew Young, interview. SCOPE, Citizenship Education Schools, SCLC, SNCC, later life. 2020. 54min.

Panels, Discussions & Presentations about the Freedom Movement

Call To Action: The SNCC Experience in Dallas, with Bishop Mark Herbener, Ernest McMillan, and Edward Harris 2006. 78min.

Civil Rights and Black Power in Global Context, Dr. Joshua Davis, Courtland Cox, Jennifer Lawson, & Daphne Muse. International work of the Freedom Movement, Black Power, Vietnam War, independence of African nations, apartheid in South Africa. 2023. 91min.

Civil Rights and the Southern Freedom Movement, Chude Allen, Marion Kwan, and Karen Trusty talk with an ElderStudy group. 2024 114min. Transcript.

Black History Month—SNCC Women Speak, Efia Nwangaza, Fannie Rushing and Theresa El-Amin share their SNCC stories for Black History Month, 2024. 68min.

Detroit, Selma, and the Civil Rights Movement Symposium, Wayne State University Law School, 2024:
Panel 1:
Organizing in Selma Before Bloody Sunday , Bettie Mae Fikes, Martha Prescod Norman Noonan, Terry
Shaw. 120min.

Panel
2 Teaching and Writing the Civil Rights Movement, Dorothy Dewberry Aldridge, Martha Prescod
Norman Noonan, Jeanne Theoharis; Peter Blackmer. 98 min.

SNCC Legacy Project (SLP) Videos

“It’s Dark, But It’s Not Midnight.” Video editorial by the SNCC Legacy Project (SLP) on the current political situation and the historic role of the Black community in America. April 2025.

2 minute version
4 minute version

Statement On The 65th Anniversary Of The Sit-In Movement, February 1st, 2025. 4min.
Transcript.

Julian Bond Video Collection

The videos in this collection were created by the Julian Bond Oral History Project which is dedicated to the memory, work, and career of Julian Bond from 1960-1968 and to the broader Southern civil rights movement. These interviews were conducted primarily by Gregg Ivers, Project Director and professor of government at American University in Washington DC.

Charles Black, interviewed by Greg Ivers, Atlanta Student Movement and Atlanta Inquirer. 2019. 54min. Transcript.

Heather Tobis Booth, Freedom Summer volunteer. By Gregg Ivers, 2019. 64min. Transcript.

Charlie Cobb, SNCC. 2019. 94min. Transcription

Courtland Cox, SNCC. By Gregg Ivers, 2019. 55min.

Transcription

David Dennis, CORE, COFO. By Gregg Ivers, 2019. 71min. Transcription

Dion Diamond, NAG, SNCC. By Gregg Ivers, 2019. 47min.
Transcription

Lonnie King, Atlanta Student Movement. By Gregg Ivers, 2018. 61min. Transcript.

Joyce Ladner, NAACP & SNCC. By Gregg Ivers, 2019. 100min.
Transcription

Jennifer Lawson, SNCC. By Gregg Ivers, 2019. 92min.
Transcription

Bob Moses interview, SNCC, COFO, MFDP. By Gregg Ivers, 2018. 132min.
Transcript.

Joan Trumpauer Mulholland, Freedom Rides, SNCC. by Gregg Ivers, 2019. SNCC. 86min.
Transcription

Ed Nakawatse Interview, SNCC. By Gregg Ivers, 2019. 87min.

Betty Garman Robinson, SNCC. by Gregg Ivers, 2019. 66min.
Transcription

Larry Rubin, interviewed by Gregg Ivers, Freedom Summer, SNCC, etc. 2019. 100min. Transcript.

Dorothy Zellner, interviewed by Gregg Ivers, SNCC, Freedom Summer, etc. 2019. 78min. Transcript.

Charles Bonner Collection

While still in his teens, Charles Bonner was a leader of the high school and college students in Selma Alabama who were the backbone and nonviolent warriors of the Voting Rights Campaign.

An Interview With Worth Westinghouse Long. Civil rights attorney and SNCC veteran Charles Bonner interviews fellow SNCC leader Worth Long, the SNCC Selma project director, and “The person who taught us the power of nonviolence in the movement.” 2005. 31min.

Charles Bonner: Tip of the Arrow interview by Wesley Hogan. Discussion recorded for the SNCC 60th Anniversary Conference in October 2021 about his book about the young students who led the Selma Movement from 1963-1965. 10min.

The Fierce Urgency Of Now, by Charles Bonner. Discussion with John Broussard, Howard Moore, Charlie Love, and Stu House, for the 56th Anniversary of the 1965 Voters Rights Act. About One Person-One Vote, reparations, true
democracy, and reestablishing the core of the Voters Rights Act — now. 68min.

Charles Bonner Speaks at The Skanner Foundation MLK Breakfast. 30min.

Conversation between Charles Bonner and Motivation.In.Action founder Geneviive Jones-Wright for Black History Month 2022. 20min

Charles Bonner Interview with Selma Sheriff Jim Clark, Selma student protest leader talks with the notorious sheriff to tried to suppress the Freedom Movement. 77min.

Courtland Cox Collection

Mr. Say Ain’t Nothing, Mr. Do’s the Man, the guiding principle of SNCC’s political organizing. 2021. 1min.

The Struggle for Human Rights. Viewing the struggle for justice and human rights as a long, complex, and multi-layered journey. A. Philip Randolph and John Lewis’ speech at the March on Washington. Ella Baker and the sit-ins. 2021. 6min.

Control the Narrative. SNCC and the essentiality of controlling the narrative as a frame of reference from which action is taken. The strategic centrality of “freedom.” The importance of “Black Power” and “Black Lives Matter.” 2021. 6min.

Problems, Solutions and the Struggle for Power, What we see as problems our opponents see as solutions. Voting rights and who exercises political power. 2021. 3min.

Politics as an Expression of Economic Interests. The vote is the currency of politics. Who defines and who decides? 2021. 4min.

The Movement History Initiative, developing collaborations with HCBUs and Africana Studies departments to present our history from the inside-out, bottom up and lives lived perspective. 2021. 2min.

The SLP Digital Movement Platform, purpose, goals and objectives, 2021. 2min.

James Farmer Collection

Video lecture & reflection recordings from James Farmer’s Civil Rights Movement in the 20th Century course taught by him at the University of Mary Washington 1986-1987.
Original source metadata.

Lecture Transcripts:

Civil Rights Movement Overview, 27min.
Transcript.

Militant Resistance and the Harlem Riots, 32min.
Transcript.

Course Exam Review and Q&A, 34min.
Transcript.
Reflection Segment Transcripts Reflections compiled and produced by WNVT-TV, University of Mary Washington.

Freedom Movement of the 1940s-1960s, 27min.
Transcript.
Beginning of the Nonviolence Movement of the 1940s-1960s, 26min.
Transcript.
The Creation of the Freedom Rides, 30min.
Transcript.
The Beginning of the Freedom Rides, 29min.
Transcript.
Malcolm X, Nation of Islam, Debate at Cornell, 29min.
Transcript.
Malcolm X, Changing Perspectives, Untimely Death, 27min.
Transcript.
March on Washington, Plaquemine, LA, 27min.
Transcript.
Plaquemine, LA, Escape from Mob, 27min.
Transcript.
Freedom Summer, Missing CORE Volunteers, 26min.
Transcript.
Freedom Summer, Death of CORE Volunteers, 29min.
Transcript.
Bogalusa, Louisiana, Movement, Deacons of Defense and Justice, 29min.
Transcript.
The Struggle for Identity Among Black Activists , 27min.
Transcript.
Illiteracy and the Center for Community Action Education, 29min.
Transcript.

[© Copyrights to these videos and transcripts are retained by Special Collections and University Archives, Simpson Library, University of Mary Washington. These items are available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Items may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes without prior written consent from the University of Mary Washington.]

Eyes on the Prize Interviews

This collection contains interviews conducted by Blackside from the late 1970s into the 1980s for “Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years (1954-1965).” Courtesy of Washington University Libraries, Film and Media
Archive, Henry Hampton Collection.

William Anderson, interviewed by Blackside. Albany GA movement, SCLC, Dr. King. 1985. 41 min. Transcript

James Armstrong, interviewed by Blackside. ACHMR, Birmingham, Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth. 1979. 8 min.
Transcript

Marion Barry, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, Nashville, TN. 1979. 31 min.
Transcript.

Melba Pattillo Beals, interviewed by Blackside. Little Rock Nine, desegregation of Little Rock’s Central High School. 1985. 48 min.
Transcript

James Bevel, interviewed by Blackside. Nashville, Freedom Ride, Birmingham, Greenwood, Selma, Sheriff Jim Clark.
1985. 50min.
Transcript

Unita Blackwell, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC & NAACP, Mississippi, MFDP, 1964 Democratic National Convention. 1986. 43min.
Transcript

Unita Blackwell, interviewed by Blackside. MFDP, mayor of Mayersville, race relations in Mississippi. 1989. 32 min.
Transcript

Amelia Boynton, interviewed by Blackside.
Selma, Alabama, Dallas County Voters’ League, Selam to Montgomery Rights March, voting rights. 1985. 44min.
Transcript

Harry Briggs, Jr., interviewed by Blackside. Segregated schools, Briggs v. Elliott, retaliation. 1985. 10min.
Transcript

Harry Briggs, Sr, Eliza Briggs, interviewed by Blackside. Segregated schools, Briggs v. Elliott, retaliation. 1985. 25 min.
Transcript

Gordon Carey, interviewed by Blackside. CORE, vice chairman & field secretary, nonviolence, sit-ins, Freedom Rides.1985. 29 min.
Transcript

Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture), interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, voting registration, the Black Panthers, Malcolm X, Bayard Rustin. 1988. 91 min.
Transcript

Courtland Cox, interviewed by Blackside.
March on Washington, MFDP & Democratic convention, SNCC & NAACP. 1979. 43min.
Transcript

John Daniels, interviewed by Blackside. Montgomery Bus Boycott and carpool. 1979. 5 min.
Transcript

Dave Dennis, interviewed by Blackside. Mississippi & Bob Moses, CORE, Freedom Rides, COFO, Algebra Project. 1985. 61 min.
Transcript

Annie Devine, interviewed by Blackside. Chaney, Schwerner, and Goodman, Mississippi Freedom Summer of ’64, SNCC. 1985. 8 min.
Transcript

Ivanhoe Donaldson, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC field secretary, Danville, VA, Freedom Summer, Mississippi, Selma, AL. 1979. 37 min.
Transcript

Virginia Durr, interviewed by Blackside. Segregation and Montgomery Bus Boycott, harassment of pro-integration southerners

Interview #1, 1979. 34 min. Transcript

Interview #2, 1986. 43 min. Transcript

Marian Wright Edelman, interviewed by Blackside. Malcolm X, Robert Kennedy, Bob Moses, Poor People’s Campaign, Martin Luther King, SNCC. 73 min.
Transcript

Joseph Ellwanger, interviewed by Blackside. Re Birmingham AL, Selma to Montgomery March. 1988. 28 min.
Transcript

Darrell Evers, interviewed by Blackside. Re Medgar Evers. 1986. 21 min.
Transcript

Myrlie Evers, interviewed by Blackside. Medgar Evers, Mississippi, Emmett Till, James Meredith, segregation. 1985. 81 min.
Transcript

James Farmer, interviewed by Blackside. CORE, sit-ins, Freedom Rides, nonviolence, 1985. 59min.
Transcript

James Forman, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, SCLC, March on Washington, Dr. King. 1985. 49 min. Transcript

A.G. Gaston, interviewed by Blackside. Re Birmingham, AL protests, AG Gaston Motel, children in marches, Bull Connor, Fred Shuttlesworth, Martin Luther King. 1985. 17 min.
Transcript

Victoria Gray Adams, interviewed by Blackside. COFO, MFDP, SCEF, SCLC, SNCC, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, Alabama. 1985. 28 min.
Transcript

Georgia Gilmore, interviewed by Blackside. Re Montgomery Bus Boycott. 1979. 6 min.
Transcript

Georgia Gilmore, interviewed by Blackside. Re Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks. 1985. 21min.
Transcript

Ernest Green, interviewed by Blackside. Little Rock AR and Little Rock Nine. 1979. 48 min. Transcript

Lawrence Guyot, interviewed by Blackside. COFO, DNC, NAACP< MDFP Winona MS. 1979. 47 min.
Transcript

Michael Harrington, interviewed by Blackside. Poor People’s Campaign, Martin Luther King. 1988. 22 min. Transcript.

Patricia Harris, interviewed by Blackside. Re youth movement, protest marches, freedom songs. 1979. 16 min.
Transcript

Casey Hayden, interviewed by Blackside. Freedom Summer, Mississippi, Bob Moses, SNCC. 1985. 41 min. Transcript

Tom Hayden, interviewed by Blackside. Mississippi Freedom Project, MFDP, JFK, FBI, Dr. King. 1985. 36 min. Transcript

Johnny Jackson, interviewed by Blackside. Lowndes County, AL, SNCC, Stokely Carmichael, Bob Mants, Selma to Montgomery March of 1965. 1988. 20 min.
Transcript

Coretta Scott King, interviewed by Blackside. Martin Luther King, Poor People’s campaign, SCLC, Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike. 1985. 92 min. Transcript.

Reverend James Lawson, interviewed by Blackside. Nashville, SNCC, FOR, nonviolence, Freedom Rides, Meredith March, Memphis strike. 1985. 53 min.
Transcript

Rudolph Lee, interviewed by Blackside. Montgomery Bus Boycott, Birmingham’s 16th Street Baptist Church, mass meetings. 1979. 13 min. Transcript

Frederick Leonard, interviewed by Blackside. Nashville Tennessee, CORE) Freedom Rider, Jackson MS, Parchman State Penitentiary. 1985. 15 min.
Transcript

John Lewis, interviewed by Blackside. Nashville, nonviolence, Freedom Rides, SNCC, March on Washington. 1979. 62 min. Transcript

John Lewis, interviewed by Blackside. Voting rights, Selma, Dr. King, SCLC, SNCC, nonviolence, March on Washington. 1985. 36 min. Transcript

Rufus Lewis, interviewed by Blackside. Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery Improvement Association, voter registration, Alabama Democratic Conference. Martin Luther King. 1985. 44min. Transcript

Leo Lillard (Kwame Lillard), interviewed by Blackside. Nashville, TN sit-ins, Freedom Riders, Birmingham. 1985. 27 min. Transcript.

Bob Mants, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, Lowndes Co. AL, voter registration, Stokely Carmichael. 1988. 39 min. Transcript

Josephine Mayes, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, Lowndes County, AL, voting rights, Tent City. 1998. 12 min.
Transcript

Leola Montgomery, interviewed by Blackside. Brown v. Board of Education ruling, Topeka KS. 1985. 11 min.
Transcript

Amzie Moore, interviewed by Blackside. 64min. Mississippi NAACP, Emmett Till murder, voting rights campaign.
Transcript

Robert Moses, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, Mississipi, MFDP, Chaney-Goodman-Schwerner. 1986. 73 min.
Transcript

Diane Nash, interviewed by Blackside. Sit-ins, Nashville Student Movement, SNCC, Freedom Rides, leader, organizer, strategist, activist . 1985. 71min.
Transcript

E.D. Nixon, interviewed by Blackside. Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King. 1979. 42 min.
Transcript

Peter Orris, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, COFO, Mississippi Freedom Summer. 1986. 36min.
Transcript

Rosa Parks, interviewed by Blackside. NAACP, Montgomery Bus Boycott, voting rights. 1985. 36 min.
Transcript

James Peck, interviewed by Blackside. CORE, Freedom Rides. 1979. 22min.
Transcript

Joseph Rauh, interviewed by Blackside. MFDP legal, NAACP. 1985. 40 min. Transcript.

Bernice Johnson Reagon, interviewed by Blackside. NAACP, Albany Movement, SNCC, SNCC Freedom Singers. 1986. 45min. Transcript

Rev. Frederick Reese, interviewed by Blackside. Voting rights, Selma AL, March to Montgomery. 1985. 42 min.
Transcript

Jo Ann Robinson, interviewed by Blackside. Montgomery Bus Boycott, Women’s Political Council, Alabama. 1985. 32min. Transcript

Taylor Rogers, interviewed by Blackside. Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike. 1988. 13 min. Transcript.

Bayard Rustin, interviewed by Blackside. March on Washington, civil rights activism after World War II. 1979. 54 min. Transcript.

William Rutherford, interviewed by Blackside. SCLC, Poor People’s Campaign, Resurrection City, Martin Luther Kin. 1988. 58 min. Transcript.

Ruby Sales, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, Lowndes County AL, Tuskegee Institute, Stokely Carmichael, Jonathan Daniels. 1988. 25 min. Transcript.

Cleveland Sellers, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, NAG, March on Washington, Dr. King, Stokely Carmichael, Malcolm X, Fannie Lou Hamer, MDFP, NAACP. 1988. 54min.

Charles Sherrod, interviewed by Blackside. Albany GA Movement, SNCC. 33min. 2015.
Transcript

Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, interviewed by Blackside. Birmingham, Alabama. NAACP, ACMHR SCLC. 1985. 63min.
Transcript

Dr. B.J. Simms, interviewed by Blackside. Montgomery Bus Boycott. 1985. 15 min.
Transcript

Rev. James Smith, interviewed by Blackside. 1988. Memphis sanitation workers’ strike, Martin Luther King. 1988. 13min.
Transcript

Linda Brown Smith, interviewed by Blackside. Brown v. Board of Education, Little Rock school integration. 1985. 15 min. Transcript

Calvin Taylor, interviewed by Blackside. 1968 Memphis sanitation strike, The Invaders, violence against nonviolent protesters. 1988. 36 min.
Transcript

Albert Turner, interviewed by Blackside. Voting rights, Marion,Alabama, murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson, Selma to Montgomery March. 1979. 36min.
Transcript

Judy Varley, interviewed by Blackside. Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR), Jackson, Mississippi, Black Power. 1989. 21 min.
Transcript

C.T. Vivian, interviewed by Blackside. Nashville TN Movement, SCLC, Freedom Ride, Selma AL. 1985. 70 min.
Transcript

Wyatt T. Walker, interviewed by Blackside. SCLC, Albany Movement, Birmingham, March on Washington. 1985. 37 min.
Transcript

Rachel West Nelson, interviewed by Blackside. Selma, Alabama voting rights campaign. 22min. Transcript

Hollis Watkins, interviewed by Blackside. SNCC, McComb, Mississippi, Fannie Lou Hamer. 1985. 32 min.
Transcript

Sheyann Webb-Christburg, interviewed by Blackside. Selma, Alabama voting rights campaign. 30min.
Transcript

Andrew Young, interviewed by Blackside. Birmingham, Selma, SCLC, Dr. King, Malcolm X, Albany, GA, SNCC. 1985 90 min.
Transcript

Freedom Summer Interviews & Stories, 1964-1965

As used in this section, “Freedom Summer” is a generic term covering all of the instances when northerner volunteers (students, professionals, and others) came to support the Southern Freedom Movement over Summer vacation and Thanksgiving and Winter holidays in 1963, ’64, and ’65, in multiple southern states. For additional information see Documents From Freedom Summer Projects and Letters & Reports From Freedom Summer .

Gloria Clark, interviewed by Dr. Julia Jordan-Zachery. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 22 min.

Malcom_Farmer, interviewed by Rob Widell. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 35min.

David Gass, interviewed by Rob Widell. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 37min.
Transcript

Jim Kates Interview, interviewed by Dr. Rob Widell. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 53min.

Tom Gardner, SSOC, Virginia. Interviewed by Bruce Watson. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 39min.

Michael Van Leesten, interview by Rob Widell. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 42min.

John Pratt, interview by Bruce Watson. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 35min.

David Reily, interviewed by Rob Widell. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 41min.

Gary Rothberger, interviewed by Rob Widell. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 42min.

Nancy Schieffelin, interview by Dr. Julia Jordan-Zachery. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 30min.

John (Jay) Shetterly, interviewed by Bruce Watson, re Panola Co. MS. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 17min.

Richard Sugerman, interviewed by Melvin Wade. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 66min.

David Trimble, interviewed by Rob Widell. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 32min.

Dan Lynn Watt, interviewed by Rob Widell. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 37min.
Transcript

Molly Lynn Watt, Highlander Center, TN. Interviewed by University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 37min.

Norman Zalkind, interviewed by Bruce Watson. University of Rhode Island Multicultural Center, 2014. 27min.

Sounds of Change: Freedom Summer 60th Anniversary Docuseries, CPM Global.

Part 1
17min

Part 2
17min

Mississippi Freedom Summer 50th Anniversary Reunion & Conference Collection, June 2014

The Mississippi Freedom Summer 50th Anniversary Reunion & Conference was held 2014 at Tougaloo College in Jackson Mississippi to celebrate, commemorate, and assess the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer that brought in more than 1000 out-of-state volunteers to support the long struggle for voting rights in that state.

Videos by Natalie Bullock Brown/Ascension Productions.

The Freedom Struggle in Mississippi 1946-1964, Beverly Hogan (Tougaloo), Hollis Watkins (SNCC), Joyce Ladner (SNCC) and Derrick Johnson (NAACP). 68min.

The Historic Importance of Mississippi Freedom Summer 1964, Charlie Cobb, David Dennis, Marian Wright Edelman, and Robert “Bob” Moses. 80min

In the Mississippi River, Martyrs of the Mississippi Movement, Judy Richardson, C. Leigh McInnis, Rita Schwerner Bender, Timothy Jenkins, Hollis Watkins, Freedom Singers. 84min.

Heroes and Sheroes of Freedom Summer, Danny Glover, Judy Richardson, Timothy Jenkins, 58min.

Roll Call of Freedom Summer Activists and Volunteers, 119min.

We are the children of the movement, Ayanna Gregory, 3min

This movement changed the world, Ayanna Gregory, 4min

Freedom Summer 50th Anniversary Banquet

Welcome by Derrick Johnson, 4min

Statement of the Occasion, Julian Bond, 14min

The People of the Movement, Dave Dennis, 11min.

How Do We Thank Tougaloo? Hank Thomas, 8min

Keynote Address, Dick Gregory, introduction by Ayanna Gregory and Hollis Watkins. 80min

Video Credits, 1 min

Banquet Credits, 1 min

Library of Congress: Civil Rights History Project

The Civil Rights History Project Collection is a joint initiative of the Library of Congress and the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture to collect video and audio recordings of personal histories and testimonials of individuals who participated in the Civil Rights movement. The project was initiated in 2010 with the survey and with interviews beginning in 2011.

Cynthia & Fletcher Anderson, Oral History Interview by Joseph Mosnier. Bogalusa LA, Deacons of Defense and Justice, Bogalusa Voters League, job discrimination. 2011. 83min. Transcript

William G. Anderson, interviewed by Joseph Mosnier. Albany GA Movement and Dr. King. 2011. 118 Transcript

Bennett, Breaux, & Jenkins, by Joseph Mosnier. Bogalusa LA movement. 2011. 81min
Transcript

Harry Blake, interviewed by David Cline. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Shreveport, LA. 2013. 68min Transcript

Louise Broadway, by Will Griffin. Baker County Georgia Movement, mother who sent daughter to all-white school, doctor to Freedom Riders. 2013. 34min Transcript

Guy & Candie Carawan, by Joseph Mosnier. Music and the Freedom Movement, Highlander Folk School. 2011. 53min
Transcript

John Churchville, by Joseph Mosnier. SNCC, Americus GA & MS, Freedom Library, Black People’s Unity Movement PA. 2011. 153min Transcript

Vernon Dahmer Jr, by Emilye Crosby. Hattiesburg, Mississippi, segregation, military, killing of Vernon Dahmer Sr, Ku Klux Klan trial. 2015. 111min
Transcript

Thomas Gaither, by Joseph Mosnier. Orangeburg, South Carolina, Claflin College, Student sit-ins, CORE, Freedom Rides, NAACP. 2011. 131min Transcript

Myrtle Gonza Glascoe, CORE, SNCC, West Point, Mississippi, Phillips County, Arkansas, Avery Research Center. 2010. 94min.
Transcript

Jack Greenberg, interviewed by Joseph Mosnier. NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund. 1985. 47min Transcript

Audrey Hamilton & JoeAnn Ulmer, by Joseph Mosnier. St. Augustine sit-ins and protests of 1963 and 1964. 2011. 67min
Transcript

Marilyn Luper Hildreth. (NAACP) Youth Council, Oklahoma City, sit-ins, Clara Luper (mother), 2011. 33min.
Transcript

Freeman Hrabowski, by Joseph Mosnier. Birmingham Movement and church bombing. 2011. 78min
Transcript

Phil Hutchings, by Joseph Mosnier. NAG, SNCC, MFDP, SDS. 2011. 164min
Transcript

James Oscar Jones, Director SNCC Arkansas project. 2011. 127min. Transcript

Jamila Jones, interviewed by Joseph Mosnier. Freedom Riders, Highlander Folk Center, “We Shall Overcome.” 2011. 50min
Transcript

Mary Jones, interviewed by Willie Griffith. Albany Georgia Movement. 2013. 52min Transcript

Calvin Luper, NAACP Youth Council, Oklahoma City, sit-ins, Clara Luper (mother). 2011. 24min.
Transcript

Robert McClary, interviewed by Hasan Kwame Jeffries. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Southwest Georgia project. 2013. 28min Transcript

Alfred Moldovan, by Joseph Mosnier. MCHR, Meridian MS, Selma AL, March to Montgomery. 2011. 59min
Transcript

Mildred Bond Roxborough, NAACP field worker and leader interviewed by Julian Bond. 2010. 85min. Transcript

Richard Barry Sobol (with Anne Sobol), Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee (LCDC), Deacons for Defense and Justice, Bogalusa, LA.
2011. 116min. Transcript

Esther M.A. Terry, by Joseph Mosnier. 1960 Greensboro Woolworth’s sit-in. 2011. 96min Transcript

Barbara Vickers, by Joseph Mosnier. St. Augustine, FL, Dr. Robert Hayling, organized protests and kneel-ins, church segregation, monument to foot soldiers. 2011. 42min. Transcript

Sam Young, Jr, by Will Griffin, re SNCC, Southwest Georgia Project. Black farmers. School integration. 2013. 42min. Transcript

[Note: No re-distribution of the materials to other entities or individuals is permitted in any format. Requests for use of the videos should be made to the

American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress.]

Movement Veterans Talk With Students Collection

Interviews and discussions between students and Civil Rights Movement veterans.

Chude Allen, Freedom Summer volunteer in Holly Springs Mississippi. Interviewed by students at Stuart Hall High School in San Francisco. 2020. 121min.

PDF transcript.

Chude Allen background.

Dr. James (“Jimmy”) Garrett, SNCC California & Mississippi, interviewed by students at Stuart Hall High School in San Francisco. 2020. 129min.

PDF transcript.
Jimmy Garrett background.

Linda Wetmore Halpern, Freedom Summer volunteer in Greenwood Mississippi. Interviewed by students at Stuart Hall High School in San Francisco. 2020. 106min.

PDF transcript.

Linda Wetmore Halpern background.

Bruce Hartford, CORE in California & SCLC in Selma, Alabama, and Mississippi. Interviewed by students at Stuart Hall High School in San Francisco. 2020. 223min.

PDF transcript.
Bruce Hartford background.

Dr. Jeannine Herron, by students at Stuart Hall High School in San Francisco. Jeannine Herron and her husband Matt worked with SNCC in Mississippi and she was one of the founder of Child Development Group of Mississippi. 2020. 120min.
PDF transcript.

Jacqueline Byrd Martin, McComb MS student protester. By Gregg Ivers, 2020. 85min.
PDF Transcript.

Mike Miller, SNCC. Interviewed by high school students, 2020. 86min.

PDF Transcript.
Mike Miller background.

Dr. Mimi Real, Freedom Rider and CORE in Louisiana. Interviewed by high school students. 2020. 118min.

PDF transcript.
Mimi Real background.

Rick Sheviakov, Freedom Rides, Parchman Prison, Jackson, MS. Interviewed by students at Stuart Hall High School in San Francisco. 2020. 104min.

Questions From Teachers Collection

Two 2020 webinars hosted by U.C. Berkeley where Civil Rights Movement veterans discussed questions posed by teachers about the Freedom Movement and how it is taught.

August 4th Webinar. 87min.

August 6th Webinar. 97min.

Transcription

Richmond 34 Collection

In 1960, hundreds of students protested lunch counter segregation in Richmond, VA at the Thalheimers Department Store. 34 of them were arrested. Half a century later, the Richmond Performing Arts Alliance commemorated those arrests with a mural by Germany Ray and Hamilton Glass and these interviews with sit-in participants.

Sit-In STAND OUT documentary film by Richmond Performing Arts Alliance (RPAA), 2011. 16 min.

Elizabeth Johnson Rice , by RPAA, 5 min.

Ford T. Johnson, Jr., by RPAA. 39 min.

Dr. Allix B. James, by RPAA. 42 min.

Barbara Thornton Nero, by RPAA. 31 min.

Dr. Leroy M. Bray, Jr., by RPAA. 31 min.

Tobias Randolph, by RPAA. 31 min.

Raymond B. Randolph, Jr., by RPAA. 45 min.

A.J. Franklin, by RPAA. 38 min.

Woody Grant, by RPAA. 5 min.

Sixth Floor Museum Oral History Collection

This special oral history showcase, Voices from the Civil Rights Movement, includes a selection of interviews conducted with civil rights and social justice activists by the Sixth Floor Museum, Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas.

Thomas M. Armstrong, Freedom Ridger & Mississippi NAACP activist. 69min.
2021.

Call To Action: The SNCC Experience in Dallas, 2006. Panel discussion featuring SNCC members Bishop Mark Herbener, Ernest McMillan, and Edward Harris. 78min.

David Fankhauser, Freedom Rider. 67min. 2021.

Maria Gitin, SCLC/SCOPE Wilcox Co. Alabama. 84min. 2021.

Bruce Hartford, CORE, SCLC, California, Alabama, Selma, Grenada MS. 93min. 2022.

Jennifer Lawson, Birmingham student and SNCC organizer. 92min. 2021.

Lynda Blackmon Lowery, Selma student activist. 79min. 2021.

Ernest McMillan: Living History, by 2019. SNCC, Dallas, Morehouse, 1963, brief personal encounter with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., 49min.

Dr. Wornie Reed, Montgomery bus boycott, March on Washington, People’s Campaign. 95min. 2021.

Ron Ridenour, SNCC, Mississippi. 2023. 86min.

Betty Daniels Rosemond, CORE, Freedom Rider. 69min. 2021.

St. Augustine Movement Video Collection

Interviews from the Civil Rights Library of St. Augustine, presented in the Civil Rights Digital Library, from Flagler College and other archives.

Barbara Allen. 1964 sit-in arrest, Easter invasion, Florida Spring Project, police violence. 29min.

Willie Bolden, SCLC. Describes rallies, marches, KKK confrontations and assault on Andrew Young. 27min.

Dorothy Cotton in conversation with Andrew Young, re Citizenship Schools, assault on Young during a night march, the brutally attacked wade-in. 36min.

Shed Dawson. Wade-ins, police brutality and Civil Rights Act of 1964. 23min.

Audrey Nell Edwards. St. Augustine Four, Woolworth’s sit-in, reform school, night marches, and Martin Luther King. 2009. 29min.

Bernice Harper. Andrew Young, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Wade-in. Night March, Augustine Four. 2023. 41min.

Robert Hayling, by Andrew Young. Movement leader, the arrest of Dr. King, arrest of Mary Peabody, marches, rallies, shootings, Klan assault, and Jackie Robinson’s visit. 34min.

Maude Jackson. Marches, clashes with the KKK, mass arrests, police brutality, arrest of Mary Peabody, and Civil Rights Act of 1964. 9min.

Errol Jones, re arrest of Mary Peabody, Assault on Andrew Young, marches and rallies, SCM and SCLC projects. 34min.

Malcolm Peabody. Arrest of his mother Mary Peabody, marches, clashes with the KKK, mass arrests, police brutality. 2013. 40min.

Janie Price, Bombing, Civil Rights Act, night march, shooting William Kinard. 2022. 15min.

JoeAnn Anderson Ulmer. St. Augustine Four, picketing, sit-ins, visits of Jackie Robinson and Dr. King. 18min.

Barbara Vickers. Ku Klux Klan, Manucy’s Raiders, NAACP, SCLC, St. Augustine Four, Assault on Andrew Young, Drive-by Shooting, Night March. 2023. 78min.

Audrey Willis. Attempted Integration of Church, sit-in, night March, police dogs. 2022. 12min.

Veterans of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement Oral History Project Collection

Oral history interviews of local and national activists, political and community leaders, and grassroots people who actively worked in Mississippi communities during the 1950s-60s. Produced by Owen Brooks, VMCRM Oral History Project. Tougaloo College. See also

Oral Histories Library.

Judge Rueben Anderson, ‘Ole Miss Law School, NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Mississippi Supreme Court. 2006. 58 min

Judge Fred Banks, 1961. Baltimore sit-ins. Lawyer with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. President of the Jackson Branch NAACP, circuit judge, member of the Mississippi Supreme Court. 2006. 43 min.

Rev. Rims Barber, Presbyterian minister from Iowa, Freedom Summer volunteer, Delta Ministry organizer in Canton MS from 1965 to 1966. 2006. 95 min.

Mayor Marion Barry, 1st Chairman of SNCC, Mayor of Washington DC. 43 min.

Rev. Willie Blue, SNCC, MFDP, Democratic convention 1964. 2006. 60 min
Audio only.

Julian Bond, SNCC, NAACP, Committee on Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR), Georgia state legislature, 1960-2015. 2006. 84 min.

A.B. Britton, 2005 or 2006. Mississippi. USCCR, Meredith March. 45 min.

Owen Brooks, 2006. NAACP, Delta Ministry, SNCC, 1943-98, 68 min.

Judge Margaret Burnham, SNCC & COFO 1963-65 Mississippi. 2007. 79 min.

Rev. Clinton Collier, 2005. Meridian and Neshoba MS, MFDP candidate, 120 min.

Courtland Cox, 2006. Nonviolent Action Group, Howard University, SNCC Coordinating Council & Executive Committee, March on Washington, Freedom Summer, Lowndes County AL, War Crimes Tribunal, SNCC Legacy Project. 119 min.
Transcript.

Constance Curry, SNCC, Georgia, 1960-64. March 2006. 69 min

Constance Curry, SNCC, Georgia, 1960-64. August 2006. 26 min.

Dr. L.C. Dorsey, 2006. Mrs. Fannie Lou Hamer, Head Start, Operation Help, MFDP, Delta Ministry, National Council of Churches, 42 min.

Frank Figgers, 2005. Tougaloo College, Jackson Human Rights Project, Georgetown & Black and Proud Liberation School. Black and Proud Elementary School. 93 min.
Transcript.

James (Jimmy) Garrett, 2005 1962-66, CORE, SNCC, Louisiana, Mississippi, California, 26 min.

Lawrence Guyot, 2004. SNCC field secretary, Parchman Penitentiary, Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Chairman. 114 min.

Lawrence Guyot, SNCC, Mississippi, MFDP. Undated. 76 min.

Vincent Harding, 2006. Martin Luther King, Spelman, Mennonite House, SCLC, SNCC, CORE, 16 min.

Emory Harris, SNCC Freedom Singer, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, 1962-65. 2007, 37 min.

Jessie Harris, 2006. SNCC, voting rights, Parchman Prison, MFDP, MS Delta, Greenwood, Laurel. 43 min.

Constance Slaughter Harvey, 2005. 95 min.

Jan Hillegas, 2002. CORE Syracuse NY, COFO West Point, Columbus, Jackson, MS, Freedom Information Service Mississippi. 10 min.

Frankye Adams Johnson, 2005. NAACP, SNCC, Mississippi, 1963-1967. 121 min,

Lavaree Jones, 2005. Mississippi. Child Development Group of Mississippi (CDGM). 45 min.

Matt Jones, SNCC Freedom Singers, Danville, Virginia. 2005. 35 min.

Margaret Kibbee, 2006. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) 1965-, 28 min.

Henry Jay Kirksey, Mississippi state senator, economic, job and political opportunities for Blacks. 2004. 58 min.

Dorie Ladner, NAACP, SNCC, 1961-68, Mississippi. 2006. 120 min.

Marilyn Lowen, 2005. Mississippi, SNCC, Tougaloo, CDGM, MFDP, Neshoba Co. 74 min.

Helen O’Neal McCray, Freedom Rider. 2007. 61 min.

Bob Mants, SNCC, Lowndes County, Americus Georgia, Selma-to-Montgomery March, Southwest Georgia Project, history of the movement. March 2, 2006. 67 min.

Bob Mants, SNCC, Lowndes County, Americus, Georgia, Selma-to-Montgomery March, Southwest Georgia Project. March 4, 2006. 67 min.

Bob Moses, SNCC, COFO, MFDP, Freedom Summer. 2006. 25 min.

John O’Neal, SNCC field secretary, Free Southern Theatre. 2005. 34 min.

Reginald Robinson, SNCC field secretary, McComb, Mississippi, Alabama, North and South Carolina, Cambridge Nonviolent Action Committee. 2006. 79 min.

Larry Rubin, SNCC, 1961-65, Georgia, Mississippi. 2006. 89 min..

Cleveland Sellers, Holly Springs Mississippi, MFDP, SNCC program secretary. 2007. 121 min.

Charles Sherrod, SNCC Southwest Georgia, voter registration project, Albany Civil Rights Movement. 2007. 86 min.

Frank Smith, Mississippi Freedom Labor Union (MFLU), 2006. 60 min.

Bobby Talbert, 2005. McComb MS student movement, NAACP, SNCC, violence, arrests, AL, GA, VA, NC, SC, LA, TX, FL, MD, IL, IN. 88 min.

Hollis Watkins, Mississippi voter registration, McComb, Hattiesburg, Greenwood, Holmes County, Pike County Nonviolent Direct Action Committee, Southern Echo. 2004. 31 min.

Dorothy Zellner, SNCC, SCEF. 2005. 62 min.

Voices Across the Color Line Collection

Interviews of Freedom Movement veterans by the

Atlanta History Center – Kenan Research Center, 2005-2006.

Charles Black, Atlanta Student Movement (ASM). By Carole Merritt . Re Atlanta Student Movement, prison farm, women in the movement, Atlanta mayoral election, desegregation voter registration. 75 min.

Willie Bolden, SCLC. By Carole Merritt. Re Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King, Saint Augustine FL, Selma AL, and Poor Peoples Campaign, Marks MS. 122 min.

Rev. Joseph and Aletha Boone. By Carole Merritt. Re Atlanta Student Movement, Rush Memorial Congregational Church, Atlanta school desegregation. 58 min.

Xernona Clayton, By Carole Merritt. Re Atlanta civil rights movement, Ku Klux Klan, Dr. King. 58 min.

Connie Curry, by Carole Merritt. Along with Ella Baker was a SNCC “adult advisor”, active in Greensboro sit-ins and Mississippi school desegregation. 2005. 62 min.

Morris Dillard, By Carole Merritt. Re Atlanta Student Movement (ASM) and Freedom Rides, 60 min.

Lydia Douglas, By Carole Merritt. Re Atlanta Student Movement (ASM), Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights, sit-ins and arrest. 60 min.

Pearlie Dove, by Carole Merritt. Re Equal pay for Black teachers, segregated education in Atlanta. 56 min.

John and Mary Glustrom Interview. By Carole Merrit. 2006. Re Freedom Movement and race relations in Atlanta GA. 62 min.

Jesse Hill, by Carole Merritt. NAACP 1950s voter registration activist, desegregation in Atlanta, founder Black newspaper Atlanta Inquirer, mobilized business support of the movement. 2005. 59 min.

Dr. Alton Hornsby, Jr, Atlanta Student Movement (ASM). By Carole Merritt. Re Atlanta Student Movement, march on the Georgia State Capitol 1960, segregated busses. 2006. 59 min.

Lonnie King, by Carole Merritt. Atlanta Student Movement, U.S. Navy, racial discrimination, Appeal for Humans Rights statement. 2005. 102 min.

Muriel Lokey. By Carole Merritt. Re support for Atlanta school desegregation. 42 min.

Ralph Luker, NAACP. By Carole Merritt. Re Raleigh, North Carolina; Duke University; Georgia movement; youth branches of the NAACP. 2005 61 min.

Nan Pendergrast Interview. By Carole Merrit. 2006. Re Georgia Council on Human Relations, Help Our Public Education (HOPE), NAACP, League of Women Voters in Atlanta GA. 61 min.

Portia Harden Potts, by Carole Merritt. One of the first African American students to desegregate schools in Atlanta, GA. 2006. 48 min.

Fay Bellamy Powell, by Carole Merritt. SNCC staff member, Selma & Greene County, AL, Atlanta GA. Helped organize the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march., 2006. 150 min.

Willie Ricks (Mukasa) by Carole Merritt. SNCC field secretary many locations.
Part 1 121 min,

Part 2 121 min.

Ernest Swann, student integrator. By Carole Merritt. Re desegregation of Atlanta public schools, white resistance. 2006. 57 min.

C.T. Vivian, by Carole Merritt. SCLC leader, Nashville student movement, Bir mingham, St. Augustine, Selma. 2006.

Part 1 134 min,

Part 2 361 min.

Dr. Clinton Warner by Carole Merritt re equal pay for teachers and treatment of Black patients by medical profession in Atlanta GA. 2006.

Part 1 63 min,

Part 2 53 min.

Voices of Freedom ~ Virginia Commonwealth University

Interview with Elizabeth & Jane Cooper, re Richmond VA school desegregation, 2003. 16 min. Transcript.

Interview with Dottie Edwards, by Daugherty & Smith re Virginia Student Civil Rights Committee (VSCRC), 2016.
68 min. Transcript.

Interview with Lucious Edwards, by Daugherty & Smith, re Virginia Student Civil Rights Committee (VSCRC), 2016. 75 min. Transcript.

Interview with Tom Gardner, re Virginia Student Civil Rights Committee (VSCRC). 87 min. Transcript.

Interview with Thomas Hardy. Surry County Improvement Association; the Surry Assembly. 2003. 26 min.
Transcript.

Interview with Rev. Curtis Harris, re Virginia SCLC, civil disobedience. 39 min. Transcript.

Interview with Roger Hickey, by re Virginia Student Civil Rights Committee (VSCRC). 52 min. Transcript.

Interview with Sen. Henry L. Marsh, III. , re
“Massive Resistance“, politics in Richmond, VA. 2003. 29 min.
Transcript.

Interview With Bill Monnie, by Daugherty & Smith, re Virginia Student Civil Rights Committee (VSCRC), 2015.
54 min. Transcript.

Interview with David Nolan, by Daugherty & re Smith re Virginia Student Civil Rights Committee (VSCRC) and St.
Augustine movement, 2015. 61 min. Transcript.

Interview with Nan Grogan Orrock, by Daugherty & Smith re Virginia Student Civil Rights Committee (VSCRC).
76 min. Transcript.

Interview with Dr. Milton A. Reid, SCLC, school desegregation, Danville, etc. 2003 17 min. Transcript.

Interview with Dr. William Ferguson Reid. Richmond Crusade for Voters; Massive Resistance to school integration.
2003. 22 min. Transcript.

Interview with Bruce Smith, by Daugherty & re Smith, re Virginia Student Civil Rights Committee (VSCRC), 2016.
106 min. Transcript.

Interview with John A. Stokes by Ronald Carrington re 1951 student strike against segregation at Moton High School
in Prince Edward County VA. 2003. 28 min. Transcript.

Interview with Steven Wise, by re Virginia Student Civil Rights Committee (VSCRC). 50 min. Transcript.

CRMA Audio Collection

Streaming audio recordings from events, interviews, discussions, oral-histories, & etc.

Audio Contents:

The Stories We Always Wanted to Tell
Documentaries, Pod-Casts, & Presentations
Interviews, Narratives & Oral Histories
Discussions & Panels
SCLC/SCOPE 50th Reunion, Atlanta GA, October 1-4 2015
Mississippi Oral Histories

The Stories We Always Wanted to Tell

Short stories about events we participated in, experiences we had, and the people we knew and loved. As told to a celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the student-led sit-ins of 1960, the rise of youth-led activism, and the founding of SNCC. Main library, San Francisco, March 27, 2010

Don Jelinek & Jean Wiley:

Introduction
— Transcript

Chude Allen	My Mother and Father Believe Ours Is a Good Country — Transcript
Ellen Broms	High Yellow — Transcript
Kathy Cade	My First Demonstration, Atlanta, 1962 — Transcript
Hardy Frye	Everyone Was a Leader — Transcript
Maria Gitin	Story From Wilcox County, Alabama — Transcript
Miriam Glickman	Our Mississippi Dilemma — Transcript
Linda Halpern	The Shooting of Silas McGhee — Transcript
Bruce Hartford	Albert Turner & the Rocking Chair — Transcript
Stu House	“Inciting to Riot” in Selma AL — Transcript
Don Jelinek	The Two Cows — Transcript
Adam Kline	Greenwood, Mississippi — Transcript
Sherie Labedis	Fireball in the Night — Transcript
Betita Martinez	Liz is Betita: A SNCC Memory — Transcript
Mike Miller	The Agitator — Transcript
Wazir Peacock	Fighting for Freedom in the Mississippi Delta — Transcript
Jimmy Rogers	An Experience with Violence in Lowndes County, Alabama — Transcript
Scott B. Smith	My Name is Scott B. Smith Jr. — Transcript
Nancy Stoller	Bowling in Prince Georges County, Maryland — Transcript
Rick Tuttle	The Brutal Winona, Mississippi Jail Beatings of June 1963 — Transcript
Bob Weil	A Faulkner Tale — Transcript
Bright Winn	Mrs. Magruder — Transcript
Michael Wright	SNCC and My Movement Life — Transcript

Documentaries, Pod-Casts, & Presentations

Freedom in the Air A Documentary on Albany, Georgia (1961-1962), by Guy Carawan and Alan Lomax for SNCC, 1962. 41 min.

Interviews, Narratives & Oral Histories

James Bell Laura Spears	Interview by Mimi Feingold re the Movement, repression, and arrests in Clinton, LA. 23 min Transcript
Willie Blue	SNCC 50th Commemoration Interview, by Max Krochmal. Raleigh NC. 2010. 40 min. Transcript
Julian Bond	Interview by Evan Faulkenbury, SOHP. 48 min. Transcript
Ron Bridgeforth	We Were Not Alone Narrative. 2022. 9 min
Joseph Carter	Interview by Mimi Real, 1967. Arrested for trying to register to vote in Louisiana. 47 min. Transcript
Benja min Chavis Muhammad	Interview by Kieran Taylor. 96 min. Transcript
Arlene Dunn	Interview, re Arkansas SNCC and anti-racism work with whites in the North with PAR, by Karlyn Foner, 2010. 49 min. Transcript
Jim Grant	Oral-History Interview by Joshua Clark Davis. Re North Carolina SCEF, Charlotte Three. 204 min. Transcript
Bruce Hartford	Interview by Will Griffin Southern Oral History Project, 2010. 52 min
Robert Hicks	Interview by Mimi Feingold Real, 1967. Re Bogalusa LA Movement. 10 min. Transcript
Hattie Hill (17)	Interview by Mimi Feingold Real, 1967. Re Bogalusa LA Movement. 26 min. Transcript
Ellis Howard	Interview by Mimi Feingold re Jonesboro LA. 53 min. Transcript
Elmo Jacobs	Interview by Mimi Feingold re Jonesboro LA. 5 min. Transcript
Frederick D. Lewis	Interview by Mimi Feingold re voting rights and the Movement Claiborne Parish, LA. 24 min. Transcript
Annie Johnson	Interview by Mimi Feingold re Jonesboro LA. 11 min. Transcript
Joseph Lee Marlbough	Interview by Mimi Feingold re ASCS elections & economic justice in Greensburg, LA. 7 min. Transcript
Liberty MS	Freedom Movement Meeting, Led by Smiley Proff. 65 min. Transcript
Madison Parish LA	Conversation about the Freedom Movement, 1965 10 min. Transcript
Alan McSurley	Oral-History Interview by Andy Horowitz, Southern Oral History Program, 2002. 47 min. Transcript
John C. Morris	Interview re the movement in Batesville by Cheryl Johnson. 23 min. Transcript
Bill Perlman	Interview SNCC 50th Conference. By Max Krochmal, SOHP. 52 min. Transcript
Wallace Roberts	Interview re Freedom Summer & SNCC. By Orion Teal (SOHP). 2010. 45 min. Transcript
Carol Rogoff	Interview re SNCC, Mississippi, E.W. Steptoe. By Orion Teal (SOHP). 2010. 84 min. Transcript
Cleveland Sellers	Oral History Interview by Evan Faulkenbury (SOHP) Tape #1 Tape #2 Transcript
Modjeska Simkins	Oral-History by Jacquelyn Hall (SOHP), re NAACP and the Movement in South Carolina, 345 min. Transcript
E.W. Steptoe	Description of violence and murder of Herbert Lee in Amite Co. MS. 121 min. Transcript
Nancy Stoller	Interview by David Cline re SNCC, 2010. 102 min. Transcript
Talullah, LA	Group Interview, 1965 or 1966. 41 min. Transcript
Wyatt T. Walker	Interview by Evan Faulkenbury, SOHP. 45 min. Transcript
A.Z. Young	Interview by Mimi Feingold Real re Bogalusa LA Movement. 1967. 20 min.

Discussions & Panels

Voices of the 1965 Voting Rights Fight, panel discussion by Bay Area Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement at the Museum of the African Diaspora (MoAD). Wazir Peacock, Bruce Hartford, Charles Bonnor, Maria Gitin. 2015. 95 min.
Transcript.

SCLC/SCOPE 50th Reunion, Atlanta GA, October 1-4 2015

Thursday, October 1
Opening Reception & Welcome — John Reynolds, SCLC.
15 min

Friday, October 2

Veterans Roll Call, SCLC & SCOPE members. 42 min

Keynote Address, Bernard Lafayette, SCLC. 36 min

Remarks, Dr. Charles Steele, SCLC. 7 min

Group Discussions, Freedom Movement Veterans ~ Morning

Alabama activists #1. 82 min

Alabama activists #2. 83 min

Georgia activists. 82 min

North Carolina & Virginia activists. 78 min

South Carolina activists #1. 73 min

South Carolina activists #2. 66 min

SCLC Atlanta staff. 82 min

Group Discussions, Freedom Movement Veterans ~ Afternoon

Georgia activists continued. 64 min

South Carolina activists continued. 101 min

SCLC Atlanta staff continued. 107 min

Crenshaw County AL activists. 48 min

Women in the Freedom Movement. 84 min

Evaluating our Work in the Freedom Movement. 70 min

Nonviolence: How Can it be Used Today?. 101 min

Hosea Williams Tribute Banquet ~ Friday Evening

Welcome & Tribute, John Reynolds, Barbara Williams Emerson, &
others. 18 min

Tribute continued, Barbara Emerson, John Reynolds, & many others. 90 min
Saturday, October 3

Morning Panels

SCLC Leadership Panel, John Reynolds, Richard Smiley, Bruce Hartford. 70 min

SCOPE legacy Panel, Maria Gitin, Jo Freeman. 42 min

General Group Discussions, Freedom Movement veterans ~ Saturday Afternoon

Affect of the Movement. 76 min

Successes & Challenges & Where Do We Go From Here. 61 min

Challenges & Successes. 26 min

Impact of the Movement on Our Lives. 67 min

Impact of the Freedom Movement. 77 min

SCLC & SCOPE Challenges & Successes. 68 min
Sunday, October 5
Mass Meeting & Non-Denominational Service 78 min